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Bacteria > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the appearance of Enterobacteriaceae (4)

A

Gram negative

Short rods

Grey (on blood agar)

Range from small round colonies to colonies swarming the plate

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2
Q

What is the biocontainment level for Yersinia pestis?

A

3

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3
Q

How do we divide Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Based on their ability to ferment lactose

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of Escherichia coli on an agar plate (3)

A

Diverse colony morphology

Irregular smooth grey colonies

Non-Hemolytic & beta hemolytic colonie

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5
Q

Describe the metabolism of Escherichia coli. What type of agar is used to display this? And what does it look like?

A

Lactose fermenter

MacConkey agar

Pink colouration = acid production

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar (4)

A

Mucoid

Smooth

Glistens

Rounded margins

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of Proteus mirabilis on blood agar

A

Swarms the entire plate

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8
Q

Where are Enterobacteriaceae found? (4)

A

Wide distribution

Envr

Intestinal tract

Resp tract

Some organisms have specialized niches & some are generalists

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9
Q

What agar indicates the organism is a lactose fermenter? & what does it look like when it is positive? (2)

A

Eosin methylene blue - black colonies

XLT4 - H2S produces black colonies

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10
Q

Is E. coli positive or negative for the following tests:

  1. Indole test
  2. Citrate test
  3. Urease test
A
  3. -
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11
Q

Is K. pneumoniae positive or negative for the following tests:

  1. Citrate test
  2. Urease test
A
  1. +

2. +

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12
Q

How does the gelatinous test work?

A

If proteolytic enzymes are present then they convert the gel media into liquid media (gel = positive)

If it remains gelatinous then it is negative

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13
Q

How is E. coli classified?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) - cause intestinal disease

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) - cause extra-intestinal disease

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14
Q

What disease does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause in ruminants & pigs?

A

Neonatal colibacillosis

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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of neonatal colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli

A

Related to presence of receptors for bacterial fimbriae in the intestine

Expression of receptors is age related

Bacteria adhere closely to enterocytes

Colonize enterocytes

Bacteria disrupt the brush border & mucosal erosions occur

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16
Q

What toxins do enterotoxigenic E. coli produce? (2)

A

LT - increase cAMP = increase fluid & electrolyte excretion (heat labile toxin)

ST - interferes with enteric NS (heat stable toxin)

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17
Q

What is the virulence factor for enterotoxigenic E. coli?

A

eae (enterocyte attaching & efficacy) - encodes intimin (binding PRO) which allows the bacteria to attach to the enterocytes

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18
Q

Does disease does enterotoxigenic E. coli mimics dogs?

A

Parvo

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19
Q

What spp is susceptible to enterohaemorrhagic E.coli?

20
Q

What toxin does enterohaemorrhagic E. coli produce? (2) What is its function? What symptoms? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

Shiga toxin - integer with PRO syn causing edema & hemorrhage

May also possess eae

21
Q

What are the virulence factors of septicaemia E. coli? (5)

Study These Flashcards
A

Fimbriae - adherence & possibly avoidance of phagocytosis

Capsule - prevent phagocytosis

Aerobactin - iron scavenging

Endotoxin - component of gram negative cell wall

Colicin V - serum resistance (interferes with complement)

22
Q

What disease does uropathogenic E. coli cause in dogs & people?

Study These Flashcards
A

UTIs

Opportunistic infection ascending from the urethra

23
Q

What are the virulence factors for uropathogenic E. coli? (4)

Study These Flashcards
A

Fimbriae - P fimbriae protect against phagocytosis

Flagella - swim from bladder to kidneys

Siderophores - acquisition of iron

Alpha hemolysin - pore-forming cytotoxin

24
Q

How is piglet diarrhea from E.coli categorized?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neonatal diarrhea

Young piglet diarrhea (until weaning)

Post-weaning diarrhea

25
How do you tx diarrhea in piglets from E. coli? (3)
a/bs fluid therapy Keeping them warm
26
How do you prevent piglets from getting diarrhea from E. coli?
Keep barn clean to prevent build up of E. coli Keep piglets warm & dry
27
What disease does E. coli cause in cattle?
Coliform Mastitis
28
Describe the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis in cattle
E. coli is shed in feces & enters the teat from the envr Multiply in teat Endotoxin is released from dead cells Leads to cytokine invasion & systemic inflammation 30-40% of cows become bacteremic
29
How do you tx coliform mastitis in cows from E. coli?
Systemic & intramammary a/bs
30
How do you prevent coliform mastitis in cows from E. coli?
Remove organic begging materials that support E. coli growth
31
What disease does avian E. coli cause in poultry?
colibacillosis
32
What are the symptoms of colibacillosis in poultry? (4)
Omphalitis - yolk sac infection Colisepticemia Swollen head syndrome Air sacculitis - resp infection
33
How do chickens get colibacillosis?
E. coli present in the envr from either feces or exploiting eggs travel through the egg via the pores
34
How does colibacillosis present in poultry? (4)
Dead embryos Swelling & edema of navel Distended abdomen Mushy chicks - body wall overlying the yolk sac degenerates
35
How do you tx colibacillosis in poultry?
a/bs - highly debatable due to high resistance in poultry barns
36
How do you manage colibacillosis in poultry? (4)
Keep barn clean - descried floor eggs & eggs which have exploded Disinfect eggs within 2 hours of laying Good quality diets Poss vacc
37
How do we classify UTIs in dogs due to E. coli? (2)
Simple/uncomplicated - 1st time, no underlying abnormality Complicated - repeat infection, assoc with underlying condition (ex: atopic ureters, bladder carcinomas etc.)
38
What pop of dogs do we most commonly see UTIs due to E. coli?
Spayed females
39
How do you tx UTIs in dogs? (3)
A/bs based on culutre & susceptibility testing A/b depends on wether it is an upper or lower infection Address underlying disease
40
What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for patients with diarrhea? (2)
Feces Colonic tissue for history
41
What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for patients with mastitis?
Milk
42
What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for chickens with omphalitis? (2)
Inner viscera from dead chicks
43
What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for dogs with UTIs? (2)
urine (cysto preferred)
44
Does E. coli pose a zoonotic risk?
Yes, food borne transmission possible to transmit enterohemorrhagic E. coli Poss source of a/b resistance Animal --> human --> animal --> human transmission (not as well understood as food borne illness)
45
How can people prevent getting E. coli?
Wash hands Protective equipment
46
What a/bs are all Enterobacteriaceae intrinsically resistant to? (6)
Benzylpenicillin Glycopeptides Fusidic acid Macrolide Lincosamides Rifampin
47
How do you tx E. coli?
Susceptibility testing - they are resistant to a lot of things is we need to find out what

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