Lecture 10 - Adipose and Connective Tissue Flashcards
Connective tissue is one of the four main tissue types
it binds and supports other tissues and organs, shock absorbed, insulates, fuel storage
what are some of the specialised connective tissue types
Adipose Cartilage Bone Blood Lymph Heamopoeitic
what is the basic composition of connective tissue
Cells, Fibers and ground substance
connective tissue proper can be loose or dense
what is the loose tissue
Loose CT - Areolar Composition: • Highly cellular • Sparse fibres–Collagen, elastic, reticular(varies) • Abundant ground substance • Functions: • Carry blood vessels • Diffusion–Provide epithelia with O2 and nutrients • Locations: • Superficial layer of skin dermis • Lamina propria of mucous membranes • Submucosa of GI, respiratory and UG tracts
withstand stress in many directions - looks disorderd
holds organs in place, holds vessels that supply fluids and lots of ground substance, so permits fluid migration
I,II,III,IV - are present
Located beneath epithelia, and around small blood vessels
what is the make up of ground substance ?
a viscous solution containing proteoglycans - a proteins to which GAGs -Glycosaminoglycans (very hydrophillic) bind
the end result of the GAGs binding is it makes it an aqueous solution that permits rapid diffusion but also resits compression as they are hyrophillic and draw water to them
What is the role of fibers ?
the extracellular matrix is made of fibers and ground substance
elastic fibers are made of elastin + fibrin
has three fiber types
elastic - recoil after stretch
collagen - Flexible , high tensile strength
reticular - supporting framework
what are the types of collagen
think mnemomic
I - 90% - Tendons, Ligaments, Organ capsules, Skin, Bone
II - Hylaine and Elastic Cartilage
III - recticulin - mainly lymphoid tissues/organs
IV -Basement membrane
V -Skin and placenta
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what are the main connective tissue disorders ?
Marfan Syndrome
Osteogenisis imperfecta
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
scurvy - a vit C deficiency
what is marfans syndrome ?
autosomal dominant
Mutation in the fibrilin gene
spider fingers and LONG wingspan - arachnodactyl
high risk of aortic rupture - hear problems - as the elastic fibers (fibrilin) are defective so do not recoil so well, cannot resist the pressure in the heart
what is Osteogenisis imperfecta
Type 1 collagen defect
Blue sclerae
bone and joint deformities - bent bones
fracture easy
often die young
Ehlers danlos syndrome ?
Type V collagen defect
stretchy skin
hyper mobile joints
What are the cells that are contained in the connective tissue ?
Fibroblasts - Secret procollagen that aggregates into collagen outside the cell, and other fibers
Myofibroblasts - wound contraction
Mast Cells - release histamine (inflammation)
Macrophages - innnate immunity
Adipocytes - Fat storage
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Wandering Immune Cells - Leucocytes - immune cells invade the tissue during inflammation
what is dense tissue ?
Dense CT
• Composition –Few cells, abundant collagen
• Regular–Collagen I fibres arranged in parallel bundles to withstand stress in a single direction
• Tendon (muscle to bone)
• Ligament(bone to bone)
• Aponeuroses(flat tendons) – Fibres arranged at 90 degrees angle to adjacent layers
- Irregular– Collagen I fibres arranged in bundles in various directions to withstand stress in multiple directions
- Deep layer of dermis
- Deep fascia (epimysium)
What is white adipose tissue ?
Most abundant adipose tissue
subcutaneous of visceral
single white lipid droplets with the cytoplasm and nucleus at the edges
it is for fat/energy storage
insulation
mechanical protection
what is brown adipose tissue ?
found all over in babies
upper chest and neck in adults
it is made of many many droplets per cell
central nucleus
abundant mitochondria
highly vascular
function - Non-Shivering Thermogenesis - this is why babies have LOTS as they use it to generate heat as they cannot shiver yet
what is fascia ?
made up of fibrous connective tissue, with close packed bundles of collagen in a regular wavy pattern - like ligaments
flexible and will resist force in one direction
