Lecture 10 - epidemiology of Cancer (Dr. Craft) Flashcards
(15 cards)
in dogs what is the most recorded contributor to death
cancer
what determines the risk of cancer
interactiosn between environment and genetic factors
___ damage is central to carcinogenesis so it can be passed on to future cells
non-leatal genetic damage
a tumor is formed by __ that has incurred genetic damage
clonal expansion of a single precursor cell
EXAM: What are the 4 major gene targets of cancer causing mutations
- proto-oncogenes
- tumor suppressor genes
- apoptosis regulating genes
- DNA repair genes
__ results from the accumulation of mutations over time
carciongenesis
mutation in __ gene is a gain of function mutation
proto-oncogenes
__ normally prevents tumor transformation, but increases cancer risk when there is a loss of function mutation
tumor suppressor genes
a gain or loss of function mutation in the __ genes can enhance mutated cell’s survival
apoptosis regulating genes
EXAM: 10 hallmarks of cancer (how to make cancer) “SEAL TIGAAAS”
- Self sufficient growth signals
- Evade apoptosis
- Altered cell metabolism
- Limitless replicative potential (immortal)
- Tumor promoting inflammation
- Ignores inhibitory signals
- Genomic instability
- Ability to invade/metastasize
- Ability to evade immune system
- sustain angiogenesis
__ are genes that promote autonomous cell growth in cancer (mutated proto-oncogenes)
oncogenes
___ are the unmuted “normal” gene counterpart of oncogene
proto-oncogene
__ are abnormal proteins encoded by oncogenes that often inactivate internal regulatory elements causing excess proliferation
oncoproteins
mutations in __ result in oncogenes that produceoncoproteins that lead to excessive cell ___ = cancer
proto-oncogene, proliferation
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