Lecture 10: Forearm( flexor compartment) and wrist

Question 1

what structures hold the radius and ulna together?

Answer 1

anular ligament
interosseous membrane
fibrous articular disc

Question 2

functions of the interosseous membrane

Answer 2

-hinge
-muscle attachment
-force transmission

Question 3

what bone in the wrist gets damaged the most?

Answer 3

scaphoid

Question 4

how much movement is there in the 3 joints of the wrist/hand?

Answer 4

Radiocarpal: the most
Midcarpal: some
Carpometacarpal: almost no movement. Exception: thumb(lots of movement)

Question 5

what is the function of flexor retinaculum?

Answer 5

attaches to the carpal bones on both rows, laterally and medially
holds tendons in place- stops them from bowstringing.

Question 6

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 6

inflammation/infection in the carpal tunnel puts pressure on the median nerve

Question 7

what is the tissue that the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum are made from?

Answer 7

thick overlying deep fascia

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

what muscles come from the common flexor tendon?

Answer 9

flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
1/2 of flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 10

pronator teres: O, I , nerve, action

Answer 10

O- superficial ridge about the medial epicondyle. And medial aspect of coroniod process of ulna.
I-anterolateral aspect of radius
Nerve: Median n
Action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints

Question 11

palmaris longus: O, I, Nerve, Action

Answer 11

O-common flexor tendon
I-proximal part of palmar aponeurosis
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at radiocarpal(wrist) joint

*missing in15% of population

Question 12

what is the function of palmar aponeurosis?

Answer 12

tough
skin of the palm attaches to it
protects the structures underneath

Question 13

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 13

radial a.

Question 14

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 14

ulnar a

Question 15

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

Answer 15

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached to metacarpals 5 and 4
Nerve: ulnar n.
Action:flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Question 16

flexor carpi radialis lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

Answer 16

below

Question 17

flexor carpi ulnaris lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

Answer 17

above

Question 18

palmaris longus lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

Answer 18

above

Question 19

flexor carpi radialis: O, I, Nerve, Action

Answer 19

O-common flexor tendon
I-palmar aspect of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at the wrist

Question 20

what muscles pull radius over ulna in pronatory movements?

Answer 20

pronator quadratus

pronator teres assists if additional speed and power are needed

Question 21

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

Answer 21

flexor carpi radialis

Question 22

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

Answer 22

palmaris longus

Question 23

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

Answer 23

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached tometacarpals 5 and 4

Question 24

Answer 24

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 25

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

Answer 25

pronator teres m

Question 26

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

Answer 26

flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 27

Answer 27

flexor retinaculum of wrist

Question 28

which deep forearm muscle is it?

Answer 28

flexor digitoum profundus

Question 29

which deep forearm muscle is it?

Answer 29

flexor pollicis longus

Question 30

which deep forearm muscle is it?

Answer 30

pronator quadratus

Question 31

Answer 31

1-scaphoid 2-lunate 3-triquetral 4-pisiform 5-hamate 6-capitate 7-trapezoid 8-trapezium

Question 32

which is the more stable contributor to the elbow joint: radius or ulna?

Answer 32

ulna

Question 33

which is the more stable contributor to the wrist joint: radius or ulna?

Answer 33

radius

Question 34

what excludes ulna from the wrist joint?

Answer 34

fibrous articular disc

Question 35

what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the main branch of the median nerve?

Answer 35

flexor digitorum superficialis palmaris longus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis

Question 36

what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve( branch of the median nerve)?

Answer 36

pronator quadratus flexor pollicis longus lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 37

what muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median n?

Answer 37

thenar muscles 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Question 38

what is the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve?

Answer 38

Question 39

what are the 2 cutaneous branches of the median nerve?

Answer 39

palmar cutaneous branch proper palmar digital nerve

Question 40

what nerve are not affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 40

ulnar nerve palmar cutaneous branch of median n

Question 41

what kind of branch does ulnar nerve have that median nerve does not?

Answer 41

dorsal branch ulnar nerve

Question 42

what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Answer 42

flexor carpi ulnaris medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

what type of joint are metacarpo-phalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?

Answer 44

condyloid joints

Question 45

what muscles does musculocutaneous nerve innervate ?

Answer 45

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles. It is also responsible for cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm.

Question 46

what type of joint are interphalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?

Answer 46

hinge joints flexion/extension only

Question 47

what do deep transverse metacarpal ligaments attach to?

Answer 47

to the edges of the palmar ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 48

where are palmar ligaments present in the hand?

Answer 48

metacarpophalangeal joints interphalangeal joints

Question 49

what forms the floor of fibro-osseous tunnels?

Answer 49

palmar lig

Question 50

where do interossei muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

Answer 50

pass on the dorsal side

Question 51

where do lumbrical muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

Answer 51

on the palmar side( ventrally or anteriorly)

Question 52

what are the 3 major compartments of the palm and what muscles and tendons do they house?

Answer 52

central( houses the long flexor tendons, lumbricals etc) lateral(houses thenar muscles) medial( houses the hypothenar muscles)

Question 53

what muscles contribute to spreading the digits?

Answer 53

dorsal interossei abduct digits 2, 3, 4 abductor digit minimi(AbDM) act on the little finger(5th digit) extensor pollicis brevis and longus extend the thumb in the same plane as palm (abduction of fingers but extension of the thumb)

Question 54

what muscles abduct the thumb in a plane perpendicular to the palm?

Answer 54

abductor pollicis longus( AbPL) abductor pollicis brevis( AbPB)

Question 55

what muscles adduct the digits?

Answer 55

palmar interossei act on 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits to adduct the digits dorsal interossei are responsible for moving the 3rd digit if required and adductor pollicis will act on the thumb to add strength to the movement

Question 56

DIMAB and POMAD

Answer 56

Question 57

Answer 57

Question 58

what nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

Answer 58

ulnar nerve(deep branch)

Question 59

what nerve innervates lumbricals?

Answer 59

2 bipennate: ulnar n 2 unipennate: median n

Question 60

what nerve innervates thenar muscles?

Answer 60

median n

Question 61

what structures are and are NOT affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 61

Affected: 10 tendons + median n. NOT Affected: -ulnar n -ulnar artery -palmaris longus -flexor carpi ulnaris -pronator teres