Lecture 10: Forearm( flexor compartment) and wrist Flashcards

(61 cards)

1
Q

what structures hold the radius and ulna together?

A

anular ligament
interosseous membrane
fibrous articular disc

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2
Q

functions of the interosseous membrane

A

-hinge
-muscle attachment
-force transmission

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3
Q

what bone in the wrist gets damaged the most?

A

scaphoid

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4
Q

how much movement is there in the 3 joints of the wrist/hand?

A

Radiocarpal: the most
Midcarpal: some
Carpometacarpal: almost no movement. Exception: thumb(lots of movement)

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5
Q

what is the function of flexor retinaculum?

A

attaches to the carpal bones on both rows, laterally and medially
holds tendons in place- stops them from bowstringing.

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6
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation/infection in the carpal tunnel puts pressure on the median nerve

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7
Q

what is the tissue that the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum are made from?

A

thick overlying deep fascia

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

what muscles come from the common flexor tendon?

A

flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
1/2 of flexor digitorum superficialis

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10
Q

pronator teres: O, I , nerve, action

A

O- superficial ridge about the medial epicondyle. And medial aspect of coroniod process of ulna.
I-anterolateral aspect of radius
Nerve: Median n
Action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints

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11
Q

palmaris longus: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-proximal part of palmar aponeurosis
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at radiocarpal(wrist) joint

*missing in15% of population

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12
Q

what is the function of palmar aponeurosis?

A

tough
skin of the palm attaches to it
protects the structures underneath

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13
Q

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi radialis?

A

radial a.

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14
Q

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar a

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15
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached to metacarpals 5 and 4
Nerve: ulnar n.
Action:flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

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16
Q

flexor carpi radialis lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

below

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17
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

above

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18
Q

palmaris longus lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

above

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19
Q

flexor carpi radialis: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-palmar aspect of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at the wrist

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20
Q

what muscles pull radius over ulna in pronatory movements?

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres assists if additional speed and power are needed

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21
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

flexor carpi radialis

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22
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

palmaris longus

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23
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached tometacarpals 5 and 4

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24
Q
A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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25
which superficial forearm muscle is it?
pronator teres m
26
which superficial forearm muscle is it?
flexor carpi ulnaris
27
flexor retinaculum of wrist
28
which deep forearm muscle is it?
flexor digitoum profundus
29
which deep forearm muscle is it?
flexor pollicis longus
30
which deep forearm muscle is it?
pronator quadratus
31
1-scaphoid 2-lunate 3-triquetral 4-pisiform 5-hamate 6-capitate 7-trapezoid 8-trapezium
32
which is the more stable contributor to the elbow joint: radius or ulna?
ulna
33
which is the more stable contributor to the wrist joint: radius or ulna?
radius
34
what excludes ulna from the wrist joint?
fibrous articular disc
35
what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the main branch of the median nerve?
flexor digitorum superficialis palmaris longus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis
36
what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve( branch of the median nerve)?
pronator quadratus flexor pollicis longus lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus
37
what muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median n?
thenar muscles 1st and 2nd lumbricals
38
what is the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve?
39
what are the 2 cutaneous branches of the median nerve?
palmar cutaneous branch proper palmar digital nerve
40
what nerve are not affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
ulnar nerve palmar cutaneous branch of median n
41
what kind of branch does ulnar nerve have that median nerve does not?
dorsal branch ulnar nerve
42
what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
flexor carpi ulnaris medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
43
44
what type of joint are metacarpo-phalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?
condyloid joints
45
what muscles does musculocutaneous nerve innervate ?
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles. It is also responsible for cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm.
46
what type of joint are interphalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?
hinge joints flexion/extension only
47
what do deep transverse metacarpal ligaments attach to?
to the edges of the palmar ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints
48
where are palmar ligaments present in the hand?
metacarpophalangeal joints interphalangeal joints
49
what forms the floor of fibro-osseous tunnels?
palmar lig
50
where do interossei muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?
pass on the dorsal side
51
where do lumbrical muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?
on the palmar side( ventrally or anteriorly)
52
what are the 3 major compartments of the palm and what muscles and tendons do they house?
central( houses the long flexor tendons, lumbricals etc) lateral(houses thenar muscles) medial( houses the hypothenar muscles)
53
what muscles contribute to spreading the digits?
dorsal interossei abduct digits 2, 3, 4 abductor digit minimi(AbDM) act on the little finger(5th digit) extensor pollicis brevis and longus extend the thumb in the same plane as palm (abduction of fingers but extension of the thumb)
54
what muscles abduct the thumb in a plane perpendicular to the palm?
abductor pollicis longus( AbPL) abductor pollicis brevis( AbPB)
55
what muscles adduct the digits?
palmar interossei act on 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits to adduct the digits dorsal interossei are responsible for moving the 3rd digit if required and adductor pollicis will act on the thumb to add strength to the movement
56
DIMAB and POMAD
57
58
what nerve innervates adductor pollicis?
ulnar nerve(deep branch)
59
what nerve innervates lumbricals?
2 bipennate: ulnar n 2 unipennate: median n
60
what nerve innervates thenar muscles?
median n
61
what structures are and are NOT affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
Affected: 10 tendons + median n. NOT Affected: -ulnar n -ulnar artery -palmaris longus -flexor carpi ulnaris -pronator teres