Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBCHB MSS > Lecture 18: Anterior and Latera compartments of the leg > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Anterior and Latera compartments of the leg Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the anterior compartment

A

Anterior
Deep (crural) fascia and skin

Posterior
Interosseus membrane

Medial
Lateral surface of tibia

Lateral
Anterior intermuscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which compartment of the leg is the most susceptible to getting compartment syndrome?

A

anterior compartment

Closed space with little room for
expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anterior compartment: muscles,
nerves, arteries and veins, and action

A

4 muscles:
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
Peroneus tertius

1 artery (and vein):
Anterior tibial artery and vein

1 Nerve:
Deep peroneal nerve

action:
dorsiflexion
It is the dorsiflexor compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

interosseous membrane structure

A
  • Interosseus membrane connects
    the tibia and fibular the entire
    lengths of the bones
  • Small hole at superior part of
    membrane for a vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bones of leg

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bones of ankle and foot

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

1-calcaneous
2-talus
3-cuboid bone
4-navicular bone
5-lateral cuneiform bone
6-intermediate cuneiform bone
7-medial cuneiform bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what bones make up the ankle joint proper?

A

tibia( and ~fibula) and talus

at this joint: dorsi and plantafexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

at what joint does eversion/ inversion occur?

A

subtalar joint between talus and calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tibialis anterior: O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Upper half lateral tibia
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Medial cuneiform and base 1st
metatarsal

Action:
Dorsiflexion ankle
Inverts ankle at subtalar joint

Nerve:
Deep Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Extensor Halucis longus:O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Middle anterior fibular
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action:
Extends great toe
Dorsiflexion ankle
Nerve:
Deep Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extensor digitorum longus: O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Lateral condyle tibia
Superior 2/3 medial fibular
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Action:
Dorsiflexion ankle
Extends toes

Nerve:
Deep Peronea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peroneus tertius: O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Inferior 1/3 anterior/medial surface of fibula
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Base (dorsal side) of 5th metatarsal

Action:
Dorsiflexion ankle
Everts foot

Nerve:
Deep Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what nerve innervates muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Deep Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lateral compartment: muscles,
nerves, arteries and veins, and action

A

2 muscles: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

One nerve: superficial peroneal

No artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peroneus longus: O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Sup 2/3 lateral fibula

Insertion:
plantar surface of Medial cuneiform &
base of 1st metatarsal

Action:
Plantarflexion ankle
Everts foot

Nerve:
Superficial Peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Peroneus brevis: O, I, Action, Nerve

A

Origin:
Inf 2/3 anterior fibula

Insertion:
Base 5th metatarsal

Action:
Plantaflexion ankle
Everts foot

Nerve:
Superficial Peroneal

19
Q

superior extensor retinaculum: tendons, position

A
  • The Superior Extensor Retinaculum is a band of deep fascia. It passes from the tibia to the fibula, above the malleoli.
  • It binds down the tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Peroneus Tertius and Tibialis Anterior, preventing them from bowstringing during dorsiflexion.
20
Q

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum: attachments, tendons

A

The Inferior Extensor Retinaculum is a Y-shaped band of deep fascia. The lateral attachment is to the upper surface of the calcaneus; the medial side attaches to the medial malleolus (proximally) and the plantar
aponeurosis (distally).

21
Q

what retinacula holds down the peroneus longus and brevis?

A

The fibers of the superior and inferior
peroneal retinaculum contain the tendons of the Peronus longus and brevis laterally

22
Q

what nerve is at risk of being damaged with a proximal fibula fracture?

A

the common peroneal nerve
very superficial

23
Q

The course of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • The Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3) divides in the posterior
    thigh into its two terminal branches, the Tibial
    nerve and the Common Peroneal nerve.
  • 2cm in width
  • Exits from pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
  • Lies on posterior aspect of adductor magnus
  • Divides into 2 branches : the Common Peroneal
    Nerve and the the Tibial nerve

sciatic nerve highlighted

24
Q

what compartments of the leg are supplied by what nerves?

A

posterior: tibial nerve

anterior: deep peroneal
Lateral: superficial peroneal
(common peroneal nerve branches)

25
Q

deep peroneal nerve pathway

A

The Deep Peroneal nerve is the nerve
to the anterior compartment, where it
travels with the Anterior Tibial artery.

It crosses the ankle joint, supplies the
muscles of the dorsum of the foot, and
then becomes cutaneous to the first
webspace.

26
Q

superficial peroneal nerve pathway:

A
  • The Superficial Peroneal nerve enters
    the lateral compartment and supplies
    both the muscles in this compartment.
  • This nerve then continues as a
    cutaneous nerve, supplying the skin of
    the anterior leg and most of the
    dorsum of the foot.
27
Q

what spinal segments do the cutaneous nerves of the leg arise from?

A

The cutaneous nerves of the leg
arise from segments L4-S2 of the
spinal cord, and are terminal
branches of the Lumbosacral Plexus.

28
Q
A
29
Q

arterial branches to the knee

A

The Femoral artery becomes
the Popliteal artery as it
enters the superior aspect of
the Popliteal Fossa.

Branches to the knee from
descending branch of lateral
circumflex femoral artery,
femoral artery, anterior tibial
artery

30
Q

describe the pathway of the anterior tibial artery

A

After the Popliteal artery
exits the fossa inferiorly, it
trifurcates (divides into
three) – the Anterior Tibial
artery, the Posterior Tibial
artery and the Peroneal
artery.
The Anterior Tibial artery
passes anteriorly through
a gap in the Interosseus
membrane to become the
artery to the anterior
compartment.

At the ankle joint it crosses
midway between the
malleoli, between the
tendons of EDL and EHL,
to become the Dorsalis
Pedis artery (artery to the
dorsum of the foot).
The Dorsalis Pedis gives
off a branch called the
Deep Plantar artery, which
passes between the 1st
and 2nd metatarsals to
form part of the Deep
Plantar Arch

31
Q

describe the pathway of the posterior tibial artery

A
  • After giving off the Anterior Tibial artery, the
    Popliteal artery continues as the Posterior
    Tibial artery.
  • This bifurcates to give off the Peroneal (fibular) artery.
  • The Posterior Tibial artery travels through the
    deep posterior compartment, accompanied
  • by the Tibial nerve and veins, eventually
    running posterior to the medial malleolus.
  • After this point the artery divides into its two
    terminal branches, the Medial and Lateral
    Plantar arteries, to the sole of the foot.
32
Q

another term for the peroneal artery

A

fibular artery

33
Q

peroneal/fibular artery pathway:

A

The Peroneal artery runs
laterally towards the
fibula (still within the deep
posterior compartment)
giving perforating
branches to the muscles
of the posterior and
lateral compartments and
also a nutrient artery to
the fibula.

34
Q

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

posterior tibial a( branches off into peroneal/fibular artery)

35
Q

what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial a

35
Q

what artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial and fibular arteries

36
Q

dorsum of the foot?

A

The dorsum of foot is the area facing upwards while standing.

37
Q

dorsum of the foot : contents

A
  • 2 Muscles
    Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
    Extensor hallucis brevis (EHB)
  • 3 Nerves
    Deep peroneal
    Superficial peroneal
    Saphenous (medial from femoral nerve)
  • 1 artery with lots of branches
38
Q

extensor digitorum brevis: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O: calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
I: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes( with EDL)
Nerve: deep peroneal
Action: extends toes at MTPJs and IPJs

39
Q

extensor hallucis brevis: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O: calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Nerve: deep peroneal
Action: extends great toe at MTPJ

40
Q

what is the other name for peroneal( artery, nerve, peroneus muscles etc)

A

fibular artery and nerve
and fibularis muscles

41
Q

Compartment syndrome: what is it, signs

A

Compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening and potentially life-threatening condition.
It most often occurs in the leg or forearm following trauma.
It occurs when the pressure inside a compartment is raised to the point that there is no longer an arterial supply to the compartment, putting muscles and eventually nerves at risk of ischemia and necrosis.

The clinical findings are pain, pallor, pulselessness, paraesthesia, paralysis

Sign!: Pain that does not subside after immobilising the limb( in case of broken bones) and analgesia

42
Q

foot drop: what is it , what causes it

A

Weakness of anterior compartment muscles (dorsiflexion)
Occurs when common peroneal, or deep peroneal nerves are injured. The passive position of the foot is plantar flexed and inverted. Results in high stepping or slapping gait as dorsiflexors of the ankle are not functioning.

Causes?
damage to:
Deep Peroneal Nerve
Sciatic Nerve
L4/5

MBCHB MSS (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions