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BMS 300- Unit 1 > Lecture 10- Integumentary System Pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 10- Integumentary System Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What are the two layers that make up the skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

What regions are the epidermis and dermis?

A

Epidermis- superficial region
Dermis- middle region

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4
Q

What region do the epidermis and dermis layers rest on?

A

Superficial fascia (hypodermis)

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5
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Thick skin has a fifth layer called ______ ______

A

Stratum lucidum

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7
Q

What is the order of skin layers from superficial to deep?

A

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Come Let’s Go Sun Bathing

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8
Q

What is the basale layer made of?

A

Single layer of cuboidal mitotic stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes

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9
Q

What type of cells are most abundant in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

What layer of skin is know as the “prickly layer?”

A

Spinosum

(Keratinocytes are irregular in shape and appear as prickle cells)

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11
Q

What type of connections hold the keratinocytes together?

A

Desmosomes

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12
Q

What layer undergoes keratinization due to being too far from dermis and not receiving nutrients?

A

Granulosum

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13
Q

What are the main functions of keratohyaline?

A
  1. Cell dehydration
  2. Cross linking keratin filaments
  3. Keratinization
  4. Get transformed into eleidin and appear clear
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14
Q

Which layer contains dead keratinocytes?

A

Lucidum

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15
Q

Which layer makes up 75% of the epidermis?

A

Corneum

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16
Q

Glycoproteins in the Corneum make the layer _____ _______

A

Water resistant

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17
Q

What is the Corneum layer made of?

A

Many layers of dead keratinocytes

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18
Q

True or false: The epidermis is sloughed off and replaced every 25-45 days

A

True

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19
Q

How long do dead cells usually stay in the stratum before being shed or washed away?

A

2 weeks

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20
Q

What are the four cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells
Melanocytes

Mom Loves Making Keesh

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21
Q

What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?

A

Produces the pigment of the skin by producing melanin in response to UVB light

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22
Q

Melanin uses vesicles called ______ to travel from cell to cell

A

Melanosomes

23
Q

Describe “pigment donation”

A

Involves phagocytosis of melanocyte tips

24
Q

What are characteristics of albinism?

A

Pale, milky skin, flaxen hair, and light irises

25
Q

What are people are have albinism more susceptible to?

A

Skin cancer

26
Q

What happens in vitiligo?

A

Melanocytes die or are unable to function

Usually an autoimmune disease which immune cells destroy own body’s melanocytes

27
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

A pathological condition that results in a lack of oxygen and turns the skin a bluish color

28
Q

What is jaundice?

A

A condition where the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow due to high levels of bilirubin

29
Q

What is carotenemia?

A

Having yellow-orange skin pigmentation due to high carotene levels in blood. Usually through consuming excessive amounts of fruit/veggies

30
Q

The dermis contains what two layers?

A

Papillary and Reticular

31
Q

The papillary layer accounts for ___% of the dermis thickness and is made up of _____ connective tissue

A

20%
Areolar

32
Q

The reticular layer accounts for ___% of dermis thickness and is made up of _____ connective tissue

A

80%
Irregular

33
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis contains _______ which are peg like projections

A

Papillae

34
Q

Fingerprints increase ____ ____ and ____

A

Surface area and friction

35
Q

What are cleavage (tension) lines formed by?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis

36
Q

How are cleavage (tension) lines arranged? What is the function as a result?

A

Parallel bundles

Resist force in a specific direction

37
Q

What would happen if you cut parallel vs across cleavage (tension) lines

A

Parallel- cut remains shut and heals well

Across- cut is pulled open and scars

38
Q

What are the three main functions of adipose tissue in the hypodermis?

A
  1. Shock absorber
  2. Insulator (reduces heat loss)
  3. Energy storage
39
Q

What are the three barriers that provide protection in the integument?

A
  1. Chemical barrier
  2. Physical/mechanical barrier
  3. Biological barrier
40
Q

What is the function of the chemical barrier?

A

Impairs bacterial growth and protects against UV radiation

41
Q

What is the function of the physical/mechanical barrier?

A

Keratin and glycoproteins block water soluble substances and prevent both entry/loss of fluids

42
Q

What is the function of the biological barrier?

A

Immune cells attack foreign substances

43
Q

How is thermoregulation maintained in the integument?

A

Insensible perspiration and increased body temperature/sweat gland activity

44
Q

What are pacinian corpuscle?

A

Sensory receptors for deep pressure

45
Q

What are ruffini corpuscle?

A

Sensory receptors that detect stress and deformation within joints

46
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Sustained pressure and slowly adapt

47
Q

What are three functions of the integument?

A
  1. Metabolic functions
  2. Blood reservoir
  3. Excretion
48
Q

Explain the metabolic functions of the integument

A

Synthesis of vitamin D from inactive to active form

49
Q

Explain the blood reservoir functions of the integument

A

Dermal vascular supply holds 5% of body’s blood volume

Moves blood to metabolically active tissues

50
Q

Explain the excretion functions of the integument

A

Eliminates salt and nitrogenous waste (i.e. sweat)

51
Q

Which layer would have the most number of immune cells?

Corneum
Basale
Spinosum
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Granulosom

A

Papillary layer

Has the most areolar tissue

52
Q

What layer of the skin is dye injected into for tattooing?

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Underlying connective/adipose tissue

A

Dermis

53
Q

Which of the following is not a function of keratohyaline granules?

Cell dehydration
Cross-linking actin filaments
Eleidin synthesis
Keratinization

A

Cross-linking actin filaments

Should be cross-linking keratin filaments

54
Q

Deoxygenation of hemoglobin may most likely manifest a

Carotenemia
Cyanosis
Jaundice
Bronzing
All of the above

A

Cyanosis

BMS 300- Unit 1 (12 decks)

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