Lecture 10- Integumentary System Pt 1

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the body?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

What are the two layers that make up the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis and dermis

Question 3

What regions are the epidermis and dermis?

Answer 3

Epidermis- superficial region
Dermis- middle region

Question 4

What region do the epidermis and dermis layers rest on?

Answer 4

Superficial fascia (hypodermis)

Question 5

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Thick skin has a fifth layer called ______ ______

Answer 6

Stratum lucidum

Question 7

What is the order of skin layers from superficial to deep?

Answer 7

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

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Question 8

What is the basale layer made of?

Answer 8

Single layer of cuboidal mitotic stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes

Question 9

What type of cells are most abundant in the epidermis?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes

Question 10

What layer of skin is know as the “prickly layer?”

Answer 10

Spinosum

(Keratinocytes are irregular in shape and appear as prickle cells)

Question 11

What type of connections hold the keratinocytes together?

Answer 11

Desmosomes

Question 12

What layer undergoes keratinization due to being too far from dermis and not receiving nutrients?

Answer 12

Granulosum

Question 13

What are the main functions of keratohyaline?

Answer 13

1. Cell dehydration
2. Cross linking keratin filaments
3. Keratinization
4. Get transformed into eleidin and appear clear

Question 14

Which layer contains dead keratinocytes?

Answer 14

Lucidum

Question 15

Which layer makes up 75% of the epidermis?

Answer 15

Corneum

Question 16

Glycoproteins in the Corneum make the layer _____ _______

Answer 16

Water resistant

Question 17

What is the Corneum layer made of?

Answer 17

Many layers of dead keratinocytes

Question 18

True or false: The epidermis is sloughed off and replaced every 25-45 days

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How long do dead cells usually stay in the stratum before being shed or washed away?

Answer 19

2 weeks

Question 20

What are the four cells in the epidermis?

Answer 20

Keratinocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells
Melanocytes

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Question 21

What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?

Answer 21

Produces the pigment of the skin by producing melanin in response to UVB light

Question 22

Melanin uses vesicles called ______ to travel from cell to cell

Answer 22

Melanosomes

Question 23

Describe “pigment donation”

Answer 23

Involves phagocytosis of melanocyte tips

Question 24

What are characteristics of albinism?

Answer 24

Pale, milky skin, flaxen hair, and light irises

Question 25

What are people are have albinism more susceptible to?

Answer 25

Skin cancer

Question 26

What happens in vitiligo?

Answer 26

Melanocytes die or are unable to function Usually an autoimmune disease which immune cells destroy own body's melanocytes

Question 27

What is cyanosis?

Answer 27

A pathological condition that results in a lack of oxygen and turns the skin a bluish color

Question 28

What is jaundice?

Answer 28

A condition where the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow due to high levels of bilirubin

Question 29

What is carotenemia?

Answer 29

Having yellow-orange skin pigmentation due to high carotene levels in blood. Usually through consuming excessive amounts of fruit/veggies

Question 30

The dermis contains what two layers?

Answer 30

Papillary and Reticular

Question 31

The papillary layer accounts for ___% of the dermis thickness and is made up of _____ connective tissue

Answer 31

20% Areolar

Question 32

The reticular layer accounts for ___% of dermis thickness and is made up of _____ connective tissue

Answer 32

80% Irregular

Question 33

The papillary layer of the dermis contains _______ which are peg like projections

Answer 33

Papillae

Question 34

Fingerprints increase ____ ____ and ____

Answer 34

Surface area and friction

Question 35

What are cleavage (tension) lines formed by?

Answer 35

Collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis

Question 36

How are cleavage (tension) lines arranged? What is the function as a result?

Answer 36

Parallel bundles Resist force in a specific direction

Question 37

What would happen if you cut parallel vs across cleavage (tension) lines

Answer 37

Parallel- cut remains shut and heals well Across- cut is pulled open and scars

Question 38

What are the three main functions of adipose tissue in the hypodermis?

Answer 38

1. Shock absorber 2. Insulator (reduces heat loss) 2. Energy storage

Question 39

What are the three barriers that provide protection in the integument?

Answer 39

1. Chemical barrier 2. Physical/mechanical barrier 3. Biological barrier

Question 40

What is the function of the chemical barrier?

Answer 40

Impairs bacterial growth and protects against UV radiation

Question 41

What is the function of the physical/mechanical barrier?

Answer 41

Keratin and glycoproteins block water soluble substances and prevent both entry/loss of fluids

Question 42

What is the function of the biological barrier?

Answer 42

Immune cells attack foreign substances

Question 43

How is thermoregulation maintained in the integument?

Answer 43

Insensible perspiration and increased body temperature/sweat gland activity

Question 44

What are pacinian corpuscle?

Answer 44

Sensory receptors for deep pressure

Question 45

What are ruffini corpuscle?

Answer 45

Sensory receptors that detect stress and deformation within joints

Question 46

What are merkel cells?

Answer 46

Sustained pressure and slowly adapt

Question 47

What are three functions of the integument?

Answer 47

1. Metabolic functions 2. Blood reservoir 3. Excretion

Question 48

Explain the metabolic functions of the integument

Answer 48

Synthesis of vitamin D from inactive to active form

Question 49

Explain the blood reservoir functions of the integument

Answer 49

Dermal vascular supply holds 5% of body's blood volume Moves blood to metabolically active tissues

Question 50

Explain the excretion functions of the integument

Answer 50

Eliminates salt and nitrogenous waste (i.e. sweat)

Question 51

Which layer would have the most number of immune cells? Corneum Basale Spinosum Papillary layer Reticular layer Granulosom

Answer 51

Papillary layer Has the most areolar tissue

Question 52

What layer of the skin is dye injected into for tattooing? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Underlying connective/adipose tissue

Answer 52

Dermis

Question 53

Which of the following is not a function of keratohyaline granules? Cell dehydration Cross-linking actin filaments Eleidin synthesis Keratinization

Answer 53

Cross-linking actin filaments *Should be cross-linking keratin filaments*

Question 54

Deoxygenation of hemoglobin may most likely manifest a Carotenemia Cyanosis Jaundice Bronzing All of the above

Answer 54

Cyanosis