Lecture 9- Connective Tissue

Question 1

What does fluid connective tissue contain?

Answer 1

Blood and lymph

Question 2

What does supportive connective tissue contain?

Answer 2

Cartilage and bone

Question 3

What does connective tissue proper contain?

Answer 3

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue

Question 4

What three tissue subunits are under the loose connective tissue division?

Hint: think RAA like a lion

Answer 4

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Question 5

What three tissue subunits are under the dense connective tissue division?

Hint: think REI like the store

Answer 5

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

Question 6

What is the least specialized connective tissue called?

Answer 6

Areolar connective tissue

Question 7

What is the structure of collagen fibers?

Answer 7

-Straight and unbranched
-Rope like protein structure which is flexible and very strong
-Does not stretch

Question 8

What protein allows elastic fibers to be stretched, but also allows fibers to return to original shape

Answer 8

Elastin

Question 9

What is the arrangement of reticular fibers?

Answer 9

Made up of collagen but in a netlike/branching network

Question 10

What differs between collagen fibers and reticular fibers? What is similar?

Answer 10

Both contain collagen protein

Arranged differently (collagen fibers=straight and unbranched VS reticular fibers=narrow and branched)

Question 11

Areolar connective tissue contains _____ cells and _____

Answer 11

Mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts

Question 12

What is the role of mesenchymal cells in areolar connective tissue?

Answer 12

Multipurpose adult stem cells (can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cell following an injury that needs repairment)

Question 13

What is the role of fibroblasts in areolar connective tissue?

Answer 13

Secrete polysaccharides and proteins to form extracellular matrix

Question 14

Areolar connective tissue includes immune cells which contain macrophages. When stimulated, what do macrophages release in order to recruit other immune cells to infected sites?

Answer 14

Cytokines

Question 15

What is the role of histamine in mast cells that are found in areolar connective tissue?

Answer 15

-Causes vasodilation/increased blood flow at site of injury
-Causes allergic responses

Question 16

What is the role of heparin in mast cells that are found in areolar connective tissue?

Answer 16

Enhances local blood flow during inflammation and reduces the development of blood clots

Question 17

Some lymphocytes in immune cells found in areolar connective tissue can develop into ______ cells

Answer 17

Plasma

Make antibodies

Question 18

Proteins and polysaccharides make up _______ in the ground substance which surrounds cells within areolar connective tissue

Answer 18

Proteoglycan

Question 19

Proteoglycan consist of a _______ core and _______ branches

Answer 19

Protein core
Polysaccharide branches

Question 20

What is the function of the negatively charged proteoglycan?

Answer 20

Attracts water which produces ground substance and absorbs shock

Question 21

What is the main macromolecule that constructs the extracellular matrix?

Answer 21

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 22

The glycoprotein, laminin, can mainly be found in the _______ membrane

Answer 22

Basement membrane

Right above connective tissue

Question 23

_______ are unbranched carbohydrate polymers that are composed of disaccharide repeating units

Answer 23

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 24

What allows glycosaminoglycans to attract water?

Answer 24

Negatively charged group

Question 25

What type of tissue contains proteoglycans?

Answer 25

Connective tissue

Question 26

______ tissue consist mostly of fat storage cells and have little extracellular matrix

Answer 26

Adipose tissue

Question 27

True or false: all individuals have the same number of adipocytes

Answer 27

False

Question 28

_____ tissue makes up soft organs and are constructed from fibroblasts

Answer 28

Reticular

Question 29

What type of orientation allows for dense connective tissue regular to have great tensile strength

Answer 29

Parallel

Question 30

______ and ______ are made up of dense regular connective tissue

Answer 30

Ligaments and tendons

Question 31

What type of orientation allows for dense connective tissue irregular to have great tensile strength in many directions

Answer 31

Random

Question 32

What is a prime example of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 32

The dermis (first layer) of the skin

Question 33

Dense connective tissue _____ allows structures to regain original shape after stretching

Answer 33

Elastic

Question 34

The rib cage and nose are made up of ______ Hyaline

Answer 34

Cartilage

Question 35

What makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation?

Answer 35

Cartilage- Hyaline

Question 36

What are the three types of cartilage found under supporting connective tissue

Answer 36

Hyaline Fibrous Elastic

Question 37

Which type of cartilage limits movement, resists compression, and prevents bone to bone contact?

Answer 37

Fibrous (fibroelastic)

Question 38

_____ cartilage are supportive but bend more easily

Answer 38

Elastic

Question 39

Without ____ bones would be brittle and shatter easily

Answer 39

Collagen

Question 40

Mineralization gives bones ______

Answer 40

Density

Question 41

Bones are arranged of _______

Answer 41

Osteocytes

Question 42

Fluid connective tissue includes _____ and _____

Answer 42

Blood and lymph

Question 43

What is the interstitial space?

Answer 43

Space surrounding blood vessels

Question 44

What is the role of fluid connective tissue?

Answer 44

Transport dissolved materials and protects from pathogens

Question 45

The dermis of the skin is an example of Areolar CT Adipose tissue Dense regular CT Dense irregular CT More than one is correct

Answer 45

Dense irregular CT

Question 46

Proteoglycans refer to -A large class of non-collagen glycoproteins -Proteins covalently linked to polysaccharides -Clear matrix surrounding the fibers -Large and highly charged polysaccharides

Answer 46

Large and highly charged polysaccharides

Question 47

Chondrocytes are specialized cells that would be found in Areolar CT Dense CT Fibroelastic cartilage Bone

Answer 47

Fibroelastic cartilage