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2252 health promotion final > lecture 10 licit and illicit drugs > Flashcards

lecture 10 licit and illicit drugs Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what percentage of 18-19 year old reported alcohol consumption?

A

90%

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2
Q

how many standard drinks for men and women?

A

5 standard drinks for men and 4 for women in a single sitting

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3
Q

what is the percentage of Canadians over 12 yr old binge drinking at least once/month?

A

19.5%

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4
Q

what are the low risk guidelines for drinking?

A

men: maximum 15 standard-sized drinks/week
women: maximum 10 standard-sized drinks/week
no more than 3 and 2 standard drinks per day for men and women respectively

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5
Q

what is fermentation?

A

plant sugars broken down by yeast organism –> ethanol + Co2
up to 14% of alcohol

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6
Q

what is the distillation process?

A

it is producing an alcoholic beverage that have 100% alcohol

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7
Q

what is proof?

A

is a measure of the percent of alcohol
ex. 80 proof (represents percentage of whiskey which means it is actually 40% alcohol)

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8
Q

what are behavior effects of alcohol

A

effects vary with the setting and with the individual
can develop physiological & psychological tolerance: nervous system adapts over time

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9
Q

what is learned behavioral tolerance?

A

modify their behavior to their appear sober despite a high BAC

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10
Q

who would have a higher blood alcohol concentration a heavy drinker or occasional drinker?

A

the heavy drinker

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11
Q

what is the legal blood alcohol consumption (BAC)?

A

0.05 g/dl

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12
Q

how is BAC measured?

A

grams/dl & blood

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13
Q

what factors influence absorption and metabolism of alcohol?

A
  • amount consumed in a given time
  • Size, sex, body build, and metabolism
  • Type and amount of food in the stomach
  • Mood
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14
Q

what is alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

lowers blood alcohol concentration

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15
Q

is the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase higher in women?

A

no alcohol dehydrogenase is lower in women
they also have a higher percent of body fat which increases BAC

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16
Q

what is a standard drink?

A

12 oz of beer
5 oz of wine
8 oz of malt liquor
1.5 oz of spirits

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17
Q

can you drink coffee,, water, or perform high-intensity exercise to speed up alcohol metabolism?

A

no it will not lower blood alcohol concentration or metabolism

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18
Q

what are long-term and immediate effects of alcohol?

A

cancer
inflammation of pancreas
decreased nutrient absorption
drug interactions
drinking and driving
violence

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19
Q

what are the stages of abstinence?

A

stage 1: tremors, rapid heartbeat, hypertension, heavy sweating, loss of appetite, insomnia
stage 2: hallucinations (auditory, visual, and/or tactile)
Stage 3: delusions, disorientation, delirium
Stage 4: seizures

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20
Q

what is the percentage of relapse in first 3 months of abstinence?

A

60% relapse

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21
Q

what is antabuse?

A

given to individuals who went through all stages of abstinence to create a strong negative reaction to alcohol if they drink it

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22
Q

what is an example of aversion therapy?

A

the moment someone starts drinking they may give them an electric shock, or a disturbing picture that associates with drinking, nicotine and etc

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23
Q

what are tobacco use facts?

A

1 preventable cause of death

psychologically is tough to break the habit
Nicotine is the stimulant chemical in tobacco
85% start before age of 16
4000+ chemicals and 70+carcinogens

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24
Q

what is a snuff?

A

leafs are grounded to produce avery fine powder, user use powder in their gum or snorts it

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25
what is tar?
- Tar attaches to cillia, cillia becomes sticky - Smokers become more susceptible to covid, -colds - Tar is carcinogenic - Capacity of lungs become reduced - Susceptible to many infections
26
what can tobacco do to body?
stimulates CNS, adrenal glands & adrenaline constricts and damages blood vessels reduces appetite-decrease stomach contraction
27
85% start tobacco before the age of ____
16
28
how many chemicals and carcinogens are in tobacco?
4000 chemicals and 70 carcinogens
29
what is smokeless tobacco?
as addictive as cigarettes due to high content of nicotine impairs smell and taste which may lead to overeating dental problems, receding gums, tooth decay, bad breath, and discolored teeth, leukoplakia and more
30
quitting tobacco
tough addiction to overcome quitting leads to irritability, resetlessness & intense cravings
31
what are some ways you can quit tobacco better?
Find support, pick a date, make a plan and stick to it! (Health Canada)  Nicotine replacement products  Breaking the Habit  Antismoking therapy such as aversion therapy  Benefits of Quitting are almost immediate!
32
what is caffeine?
it is the most widely used psychoactive drug in Canada Xanthines can be found in coffee,tea, chocolate
33
does dark roast coffee contain more caffeine than regular?
regular has more caffeine
34
is <400mg per day harmful?
no there is no evidence that support <400mg is harmful
35
when was marijuana regulated and legally sold or purchased?
oct 17, 2018
36
what are the specific situations in which you can sell or purchase marijuana?
- minimum age of possesion is 19 in BC - can possess up to 30g in a public place can grow up to 4 plants - allowed to smoke where tobacco is allowed to be smoked - impaired driving is illegal
37
what is THC?
a sarcoactive chemical in cannabis plants which come in three forms - sativa, indica, and ruderalis
38
what is sativa?
sativa is a long plant, small concentration of THC, textile
39
what is indica?
has a higher concentration of THC
40
what is glaucoma?
eye pressure
41
what is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
is concentrated in the resin, most of which is in the flowering tops, less in the leaves & fibrous stalks
42
what is hashish, ganja and bhang?
hashish - is the highest concentration of THC, extracted from the flower ganja - concentration of THC is higher, when female flower are separated from male flowers bhang - lower concentration of THC
43
what are short term effects of marijuana?
short term: euphoria, drowsiness & slow reaction times, lower ability to pay attention, impair coordination, thinking, concentration, memory & decision-making
44
what are long term effects of marijuana?
addiction, increased risk of cancer, lung diseases and lung cancer, reduced motivation, schizophrenia, suppressed immune system
45
what is the history of cocaine?
coca (erthroxylum coca) is a bush that grows in the Andes and produces cocaine - have been harvested for thousands of years and actively cultivated for over 800yrs
46
what is cocaine?
power CNS stimulant chewing leaves, snorting, smoking & injecting widely and legally available in Canada until 1911
47
what can cocaine cause?
poor judgement, motor skills, glare vision, hallucination, anxiety irritability, anxiety irritability, excitability, suspiciousness, paranoia & etc misscarriage and birth defects
48
who is the worlds largest cultivator of coca bush?
colombia, peru and bolivia
49
what is an amphetamine?
the Chinese used a medicinal tea made from Ma Huang (Ephedra) Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug
50
what is the history of amphetamines?
- The strong stimulant, was patented in 1932 - asthma, narcolepsy, suppressing appetite, etc - used by soldiers in world war 2 to fight fatigue - in the 60s was available in Canada and abused heavily by certain populations
51
how do you take amphetamines and what are causes?
you can snort, smoke, inject, ingesting can cause severe dependence, psychosis, paranoia, aggression, weight loss, stroke, sleep problems, irritability, agitation
52
what are opiates?
naturally occurring substances (ex. morphine & codeine) derived from the opium poppy, 6000 years of history of use
53
which is more potent morphine or codeine
morphine
54
what is opium?
is available for collection for only a few days of the plant's life heroin is derived from morphine
55
what are other synthetic forms of morphine?
oxycodone, oxycontin, and methadone
56
what can opiates do?
are highly addictive depress CNS, reduce HR, respiration and blood pressure
57
how is heroin taken?
injection is the most common method of administration
58
is heroin a type of opioid
yes
59
what is a treatment for heroin addiction
methadone treatment is controversial - not changing the form of addiction methadone gradually gets person to lose interest in opioid addiction
60
which is more potent b/w fentanyl and heroin
fentanyl is 50x more potent than heroin
61
what is fentanyl
- a potent, synthetic opioid pain medication with a rapid onset and short duration of action - can produce respiratory depression - associated with many overdose deaths in the lower mainland - naloxone is available as an injectable (needle) solution and nasal sprays
62
what are psychydelics?
alter feelings, perceptions, and thoughts affect reticular formation leading to scramble messages
63
what is LSD?
- it is lysergic acid diethylamide has potential medicinal properties - it produces both euphoria and dysphoria - depending on the person as they experience it differently
64
what is mescaline?
from peyote cactus a powerful hallucinogen and CNS stimulant
65
what is psilocybin or magic mushrooms?
- effects similar to LSD and wear off in 4-6 hours - care is needed to identify the correct type of mushroom - effects can vary tremendously
66
what are ergogenic drugs?
enhance athletic abilities, performance
67
what are anabolic steroids?
- artificial forms of testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength - steroids are ergogenic drugs
68
in the black-market how are anabolic pills taken?
available as pill or injectable
69
what can anabolic steroids result in?
mood swings, acne, liver tumors, hypertension, CVD, and other problems

2252 health promotion final (3 decks)

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