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2252 health promotion final > lecture 9 drugs > Flashcards

lecture 9 drugs Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what is a drug?

A

Any substance oher than food or water that is taken in order to change the structure or function of the body

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2
Q

what are psychoactive drugs?

A

are drugs that exert their effects on the brain, causing a change in perception, mood, thinking, and/or behavior

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3
Q

what is drug use?

A

substance the way it was intended

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4
Q

what is drugmisuse

A

taking a substance for a reason different from the way it was intended

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5
Q

what is drug abuse?

A

an excessive use of a drug

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6
Q

what is addiction

A

when a drug is needed to feel normal

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7
Q

what is set?

A

internal environment e.g. mood, knowledge, about the drug

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8
Q

what is setting?

A

external environment e.g. where the drug is taken, with who, etc

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9
Q

what are the individual responses to psychoactive drugs?

A

set vs setting

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10
Q

what are specific/main effects?

A

related to chemical properties of the drug e.g. this has antidepressant properties because it can manipulate the neurotransmitters of body because of chemical properties

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11
Q

what are non-specific effects

A

caused by set and setting

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12
Q

what are side effects

A

unpleasant, unintended

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13
Q

placebo effects

A

making it seem like the drug will make you feel better even though the drug is not what it is
cons: delays the correct treatment

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14
Q

what are CNS stimulants

A

stimulates nervous system respiration, heart rate goes up etc

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15
Q

what is potency?

A

some drugs can be more potent than others

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16
Q

what is a CNS depressant

A

depresses nervous system

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17
Q

what are hallucinogens?

A

drugs to cause hallucination

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18
Q

psychotherapeutic

A

used for medical conditions

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19
Q

what are analgesics?

A

drugs that are strong painkillers

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20
Q

each category of drugs does what?

A

stimulate CNS, depress CNS, or produce hallucinations

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21
Q

what are prescription drugs?

A

more potent than over-the-counter drugs

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22
Q

what are over-the-counter drugs?

A

generally less strong/potent

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23
Q

what are recreational drugs?

A

nicotine, cannabis, alcohol

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24
Q

what are herbal preparations?

A

could be mixed by herbalists

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25
what are illicit drugs?
drugs that are illegal and the non-medical use of drugs that legally available such as pain killers and sleeping pills
26
what is commercial preparation?
chemicals that have similar properties that are misused
27
what can chemical substances do?
have the potential to alter the structure & function of our bodies
28
what is nurturing through avoidance?
avoid the unpleasant situation by seeking drugs, overtime you require more drugs
29
what is the physiology of addiction?
all mental, emotional, and behavioral functions occur as a result of biochemical interactions between nerve cells
30
what is the receptor site theory?
proteins where drugs attach themselves too, not all drugs have the same receptor sites
31
what is tolerance?
develop a tolerance overtime, taking more amounts e.g. more cups of coffee
32
what is withdrawal
opposite effect of what the drug does to the body
33
is addiction limited to drugs?
no
34
what types of behavior have a potential to be addictive?
behaviors that have the potential to alter our mood can lead to misuse addiction
35
what are signs of addiction?
persistent, compulsive dependencies on a behavior or substance
36
what is the traditional diagnosis of addiction?
abstinence syndrome or withdrawal, pattern of pathological behavior & relapse
37
what are the elements of addiction by Sussmann & Sussman, 2011?
-engagement in the behavior to achieve -appetitive effects -preoccupation with the behavior -temporary satiation -loss of control -suffering negative consequences
38
the most common route of drug administration?
orally
39
what is the fastest way of drug administration?
inhalation is the fastest drug administration
40
what is intramuscular injection?
medication directly in the muscle usually a large muscle with good blood flow ex. in the butt
41
what is subcutaneous injection?
b/w skin and muscles, b/w subcutaneous fat and muscle
42
what is the fastest to slowest drug administration?
IV injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection
43
what route of administration is more likely to cause drug dependence?
intravenous and inhalation have a higher dependence
44
what is instillation?
when your using drops ex. eye drops
45
what are the steps in drug breakdown
1. drug is introduced 2. drug circulates in bloodstream 3. drug attaches to specific receptor sites 4. live breaks down drugs circulating in bloodstream 5. drugs at receptor sites dissipate 6. lungs, bowels, skin, and kidneys excrete chemicals metabolized by the liver
46
what is a drug interaction?
defined as an interaction between a drug and another substance that prevents the drug from performing as expected may be beneficial or harmful
47
what does spinach, rhubarb do?
reduced absorption of iron
48
what does coffee and tea do?
can limit absorption of iron, tannins blocks and reduces absorption of iron
49
what is synergism (potentiation)?
ex. drug A (2)+ drug B (3) = is not C (10) two drugs at the same time ex. alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, depressants
50
what is antagonism (opposition)
two or more drugs of opposing effects NSAIDS and thiazide diuretic
51
what are NSAIDs?
non steroid anti inflammation drugs e.g. advil, ibuprofen, aspirin NSAIDS interact with thiazide diuretic (a blood pressure medication) which causes a reduction
52
what is inhibition?
happens at enzyme level ex. penicillin inhibition of transpeptidase (is an enzyme to help bacteria wall form and grow) to treat bacterial infection
53
what is intolerance?
extremely uncomfortable reaction e.g. a drug binds to liver enzymes ex. taking antabuse and alcohol - effects of alcohol becomes extremely negative (worse)
54
what is cross-tolerance?
physiological tolerance to similar drugs ex. alcohol and barbiturates
55
what do antibiotics do?
fight bacterial infection
56
what do sedatives do?
act as CNS depressants
57
what do tranquilizers do?
actas CNS depressants
58
what are antidepressants?
inhibits release of certain neuro-transmitters in the brain
59
what are amphetamines?
CNS stimulants suppress appetite, incr HR, BP & breathing rate
60
what are the use of generic drugs?
less expensive same active ingredient as brand-name drug
61
can we develop dependency, tolerance, addiction or adverse toxic reaction using OTC drugs?
yes overtime the individual will need more of the same substance
62
what is prostaglandin?
reduce fever not inflammation ex. tylenol
63
advil
for inflammation
64
stimulants?
increases basal metabolic rate
65
what are dieting aids?
laxatives or diuretics
66
does scare tactics and moralizing work?
no
67
what is the best approach to drugs?
education is the best approach
68
what are harm reduction strategies?
supervised injection sites, methadone therapy, take home naloxone kits, voluntary treatments, safe housing
69
what is an insite?
is a detox and withdrawal management facility very cost effective onsite nurses clients are more likely to get into detox prevention of HIV, hepatitis, overdoses, skin infections and abscesses to users

2252 health promotion final (3 decks)

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