Lecture 11 10/17/23

Question 1

What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma?

Answer 1

-smallest free living bacteria
-mollicutes
-no cell wall
-obligate parasites of mucus membranes
-colonize ciliated epithelium
-fastidious
-need close contact with carriers for transmission

Question 2

How does not having a cell wall contribute to Mycoplasma characteristics?

Answer 2

-no gram staining capability
-pleomorphic/not rigid
-susceptible to drying
-not susceptible to cell wall targeting antimicrobials

Question 3

What are the characteristics of M. mycoides mycoides?

Answer 3

-most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle
-causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
-reportable

Question 4

How does an M. mycoides mycoides infection appear and why?

Answer 4

-extensive consolidation with marbled appearance
-due to interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 5

-causes upper resp. disease
-common in cattle with feedlot pneumonia
-causes arthritis

Question 6

Which species can cause mycoplasma mastitis?

Answer 6

-M. bovis
-M. californicum
-M. canadense
-M. alkalescens
-M. bovigenitalium

Question 7

Which disease is caused by M. capricolum capripneumoniae?

Answer 7

contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Question 8

What is important about M. capricolum capripneumoniae?

Answer 8

it is a reportable disease

Question 9

Which disease is caused by M. agalactiae?

Answer 9

contagious agalactia of sheep and goats

Question 10

What other mycoplasma species are important in sheep and goats?

Answer 10

-M. capricolum capricolum
-M. mycoides mycoides
-M. mycoides capri
-M. ovipneumoniae

Question 11

Which disease is caused by M. hypopneumoniae in swine?

Answer 11

enzootic pneumonia

Question 12

Which other mycoplasma species are important in swine?

Answer 12

-M. hyorhinis
-M. hyosynoviae
-M. suis

Question 13

What is enzootic pneumonia?

Answer 13

chronic resp. disease resulting in anteroventral bronchopneumonia

Question 14

Which mycoplasma species in poultry are reportable?

Answer 14

-M. gallisepticum
-M. synoviae

Question 15

What type of disease does M. gallisepticum cause?

Answer 15

chronic resp. disease

Question 16

What type of disease does M. synoviae cause?

Answer 16

synovitis

Question 17

Which other two mycoplasma species are important in poultry?

Answer 17

-M. meleagridis
-M. iowae

Question 18

Which mycoplasma species are important in cats?

Answer 18

-M. felis
-M. gatae

Question 19

Which mycoplasma species is important in horses?

Answer 19

M. felis

Question 20

Which mycoplasma species is important in dogs?

Answer 20

M. canis

Question 21

Which mycoplasma species is important in lab animals?

Answer 21

M. pulmonis

Question 22

What are the characteristics of M. felis infection in horses?

Answer 22

-mild lower airway disease
-causes pleural effusion
-predisposes to secondary infection with S. zooepidemicus and anaerobes

Question 23

How can mycoplasma be diagnosed?

Answer 23

-specialized culture techniques looking for “fried egg” microcolonies
-PCR or MALDI TOF
-serology

Question 24

How can mycoplasma be treated?

Answer 24

antimicrobials (macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones)

Question 25

Which antibiotics CANNOT be used against mycoplasma sp.?

Answer 25

beta lactams (cell wall active)

Question 26

How can mycoplasma species be controlled?

Answer 26

-test and cull -biosecurity -vaccination

Question 27

What are hemotrophic mycoplasma species?

Answer 27

mycoplasma sp. that infect RBCs

Question 28

Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. is important in cats?

Answer 28

M. hemofelis (infectious anemia)

Question 29

Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. is important in swine?

Answer 29

M. hemosuis

Question 30

Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. are important in dogs?

Answer 30

-M. hemocanis -M. haemoominutum

Question 31

How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. diagnosed?

Answer 31

-CBC -Coombs test -microscopic detection in blood smear -PCR

Question 32

How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. treated?

Answer 32

-antimicrobials (doxycycline and fluoroquinolone) -blood transfusion -corticosteroids -IV glucose

Question 33

How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. controlled?

Answer 33

-isolate and treat -control invertebrate vectors -test blood donors -culling

Question 34

What are the characteristics of L forms?

Answer 34

-cell-wall-deficient strains -lack cell walls -no gram staining -not susceptible to cell wall active antimicrobials -can be any species of bact. under stress