Lecture 14 10/24/23 Flashcards by Danika Boltz

What are the general characteristics of Pasteurella multocida?

-several serotypes based on capsular antigens
-extracellular
-causes suppurative/purulent infections
-main virulence factor is Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT)

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What are the characteristics of P. multocida in cattle?

-type B2 and E2
-hemorrhagic septicemia
-not seen in US
-high morbidity/mortality
-resp. distress and edematous swelling
-fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-part of bovine resp. disease complex

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What are the characteristics of P. multocida in birds?

-causes fowl cholera
-high morbidity and mortality
-mature birds more susceptible

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What are the characteristics of P. multocida in pigs?

-causes atrophic rhinitis
-nasal turbinate atrophy and facial deformity
-in conjunction with B. bronchiseptica

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How do B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida work together to cause atrophic rhinitis?

-dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of B. bronchiseptica inhibits osteoblast differentiation
-PMT of P. multocida increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity

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What disease can P. multocida cause in young pigs?

piglet pneumonia

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What are the characteristics of P. multocida in rabbits?

-type A
-resp. tract infections

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How is P. multocida diagnosed?

-culture
-PCR
-serology

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Which antimicrobials are used to treat P. multocida?

-tetracyclines
-sulfonamides
-penicillin
-tiamulin
-enrofloxacin

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What is important about treating P. multocida infections in food animals?

must used approved antibiotics and follow appropriate withdrawal times

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How can P. multocida be prevented?

-proper management
-vaccines for pigs and cattle

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What are the characteristics of P. multocida-infected animal bites?

-can lead to abscess, septicemia, pneumonia, and endocarditis
-treat with penicillin
-do not wait for AST

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What are the characteristic of Mannheimia haemolytica?

-most frequent bacterial agent associated with bovine resp. disease complex
-major virulence factor is leukotoxin

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What does leukotoxin do?

form pores in white blood cells

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What is the disease of importance caused by M. haemolytica?

bacterial pneumonia

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How is M. haemolytica diagnosed?

-aerobic culture
-necropsy and histopath.

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How is M. haemolytica treated?

-antimicrobials
-limited options for food animals

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How is M. hemolytica controlled?

-proper management
-vaccines
-potential for metaphylaxis

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Which species can be infected by Biberstenia trehalosi?

sheep and goats

What disease is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer?

new duck disease; septicemia and severe polyserositis

What are the general characteristics of Haemophilus and Histophilus species?

-commensals of mucosa
-fastidious

What are the characteristics of H. parasuis?

-commensal in pigs
-spreads from sows to piglets
-causes Glasser’s disease
-polyserositis, polysynovitis, and meningitis

How is H. parasuis diagnosed?

-necropsy and histopath.
-culture
-PCR

How is H. parasuis treated?

-ceftiofur
-pleuromutins
-macrolides

How is H. parasuis prevented?

-vaccination -controlled exposure

What is unique about H. parasuis immunity?

it is serotype specific

What disease is caused by H. somni?

thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle

What is the pathognomonic sign of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis?

-multiple areas of hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain -thrombi formation in blood vessels (leukocytes, fibrin, and bacteria)

How is H. somni diagnosed?

-necropsy and histopath. -culture

How is H. somni prevented?

-metaphylaxis using ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol -bacterin vaccination

What are the characteristics of Avibacterium paragallinarum?

-causes infectious/fowl coryza -increased susceptibility with age -swelling around eyes, oculonasal discharge, swollen wattles, and diarrhea are signs

What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

-causes wooden tongue in ruminants -masses in tongue and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis -affects soft tissue

What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

-highly infectious in swine -associated with other bacterial/viral infections -young pigs -acute necrohemorrhagic pleuropneumonia -can have chronic presentation

What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus equuli?

-sleepy foal disease -septicemic neonatal disease -purulent arthritis and nephritis

What does Actinobacillus seminis cause?

epididymitis in rams

What does actinobacillus suis cause?

septicemia and embolic disease in swine

How are Actinobacillus sp. treated?

antimicrobials and supportive care

How are Actinobacillus sp. controlled?

-good management -proper nutrition -reduction of handling stress -barrier maintenance/hygiene -vx

Which Bordetella sp. are seen in which species?

-B. bronchiseptica: dogs and other hosts -B. avium: poultry -B. pertussis: humans -B. parapertussis: humans and sheep

What disease is caused by B. pertussis?

whooping cough

What tissue is preferred by Bordetella sp.?

ciliated epithelium of resp. tract

What are the characteristics of B. bronchiseptica?

-causes kennel cough in dogs -causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs -produces dermonecrotic toxin

What disease is caused by B. avium?

turkey coryza

How are Bordetella sp. diagnosed?

-culture -PCR -serology

How are Bordetella sp. treated?

-isolation -antimicrobials

How are Bordetella sp. controlled?

-isolation -minimizing risk -vaccination -cleaning/disinfection -barrier protection