Lecture 11 Flashcards
(104 cards)
Plasma
Fluid component of blood
Blood composition and function
Red cells, leukocytes, and platelets; carries antibodies, oxygen, nutrients, hormone , and CO2 plus other waste products
Red blood cell function
Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide exchange
(the more red blood cells the more oxygen you can carry); Most numerous cells in the blood
Leukocytes (WBC) function and types
Immune functions; Neutrophils (Most numerous – first line), Monocytes (Phagocytic Macrophages), Eosinophils (Allergy, parasitic infections), Lymphocytes (Adaptive Immunity), and Basophils (Parasitic infections)
Platelet function
Hemostasis
Stem cells
Precursor cells in bone marrow that differentiate to form red cells, white cells, and platelets (any cell) - Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into any blood cell type
Erythroblast
Precursor cells in bone marrow
Hemoglobin
An oxygen-carrying protein formed by the developing red cell
Ganulocytes/ Polymorphpnucleargraulocytes
PMN - Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils
Where are Lymphocytes produced?
Mainly in lymph nodes and spleen; some are produced in bone marrow
Neutrophils
The first line of defence (Most numerous in adults,
Makeup 60-70% of total circulating WBC, Actively phagocytic, Predominant in inflammatory reactions)
Monocytes
3-5% of leukocytes (Increased in certain types of chronic infection, Circulate to sites of inflammation, Transition to Macrophages (APC), Infection/tissue repair)
Eosinophils/Basophils
Present in low numbers (Increased in allergic reactions and Increased in presence of animal–parasite infections)
Lymphocytes
15-20% of leukocytes (T/B cells, seen predominantly in children, Mostly located in lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissues (some in circulation plus lymphatic system), cell-mediated and humoral defence reactions)
Platelets
Essential for blood coagulation, Much smaller than leukocytes, Represent bits of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes, the largest precursor cells in bone marrow, Short survival, about 10 days
Hematopoiesis
Formation and development of blood cells; bone marrow replenishes blood cells (damage/age)
Substances necessary for hematopoiesis
Protein, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 (required for DNA synthesis), Iron (Decreased RBC production if any of these are lacking)
How is RBC production regulated
Oxygen content in blood which stimulates hormone (epo) release from kidneys
True or False: High reticulocyte count indicates the body is creating a lot of RBC
True, they leave bone marrow and differentiate into RBC in circulation
Red cell production
Regulated by oxygen content of the arterial blood – stimulated by erythropoietin
White cell production
Regulated by Interleukin levels/ response to infection – complex
Heme
Porphyrin ring that contains an iron atom
Globin
The largest part of hemoglobin; forms different chains designated by Greek letters such as alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon
Porphyrin ring
Produced by the mitochondria; iron is inserted to form heme