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Urban studies Foundation > lecture 11 > Flashcards

lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of culture?

A

the way of life

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2
Q

what are 3 elements in culture?

A
  1. the value people hold
  2. the norms people follow
  3. the material objects people use
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3
Q

what is the meaning of interrelated?

A

material objects and urban landscapes give information about values and norms, and they have meaning through the way people put them to use

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4
Q

what is the key word in cultural studies?

A

representation

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5
Q

how to study urban culture?

A
  1. iconography
  2. discourse analysis
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6
Q

what is iconography?

A

the study of meanings behind urban landscape, buildings, sculptures, photographs, film etc

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7
Q

what is the discourse analysis?

A

texts, writing or spoken language

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8
Q

what is the concept of discourse?

A

a set of shared understandings

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9
Q

what are the two key themes?

A
  1. diversity and difference (subcultures or deviant subcultures)
  2. identity (the way people view themselves)
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10
Q

what are 2 characteristics of the key theme diversity and difference?

A
  • focus on urban subcultures that are radically different
  • shared values (discourse) and ways of representation of such cultures
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11
Q

what are 2 characteristics of the key theme identity?

A
  • identity formation
  • subjectivity is central (how people define themselves and how do others define them)
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12
Q

what is identity formation?

A

the way that identities are shaped by many factors

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13
Q

what theory is an important approach of the identity studies?

A

postcolonial theory

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14
Q

why is the postcolonial theory an important approach of identity studies?

A
  • response to western representations of non western cities and societies
  • response to ethnocentrism
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15
Q

what is ethnocentrism?

A

the notion that western thought is superior

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16
Q

what did edward said say in orentalism?

A
  • the notion of the orient is a western inventation
  • false ideas about the west rational and civilized and the orient as primitive
  • the view of colonizer and not of the colonized
17
Q

what is the post colonial theory?

A
  • undermine the idea that one culture is superior
  • all cultures are mixtures
  • no pure, basic, underlying culture
18
Q

what is the meaning of hybridity?

A

all cultures are mixtures

19
Q

what is the meaning of authenticity?

A

no pure, basic, underlying culture

20
Q

what do cultural studies and postcolonial theory emphatize?

A

that cultures are social constructed

21
Q

what did benedict anderson say in imagined communities?

A
  • national identities are socially constructed
  • identification with the state involves the use of imagination
  • imaginations are produced by media
22
Q

what is the result of power and authority?

A

the social construction of culture

23
Q

what did foucault say about the carceral city?

A
  • the social construction of culture is the result of power and authority
  • power is a process, that exists through the recognition of the others
  • discourses are a crucial component in the exercise of power
24
Q

what does carceral mean?

A

relating to or the nature of a prison

25
Q

what is the carceral city?

A

a coextensive web of disciplinary technologies through which citizens are shaped and surveilled.
- cities are disciplinairy societies
- city dwellers are confined by controlling mechanisms

26
Q

why are some peeple excluded from public spaces?

A

code of behavior or culture

27
Q

what is the result of space of exclusion?

A

spaces reinforce culture and power relations

28
Q

what is postmodernism?

A

recent cultural shift in cities and urban studies, study of culture to understand language and discourse in urban settings
- opposed to structuralist approach
- not one underlying mechanism/structure, but numerous shifting variables
- urban divisions and inequality reflected in forms of representation, such as language, clothing, music etc.

29
Q

what are the central features of postmodernism?

A
  • there is no one true experience
  • all experiences are mediated through cultural values
  • those values are embodied in language or other forms of representation
    representation involves shared meanings
30
Q

what is discourse?

A

representations involve shared meaning

31
Q

why has postmodernism heavily disputed?

A
  1. it lacks coherence; there is no clear definition or underlying theory
  2. it is meaningless, because it does not offer analytical or empirical knowledge
  3. postmodernists are not looking for objective findings or the truth
32
Q

what is the meaning of corporeality?

A

the state of being or having a body

33
Q

what is cultural turn?

A

a movement in the 1970s to make culture the focus of contemporary debates, interest in the role of peoples bodies:
- the body is used as a metaphor to describe the city
- bodily appearance and dress important signals about culture and social values

34
Q

what are recent popular movements?

A
  • migrants and refugees right to the city
  • womens right to the city
  • gender and sexual diversity
35
Q

what does Lefebre say about right to the city?

A

spatial relations are produced and contested within cities. a call to action by social movements to demand access to urban life

36
Q

what does david harvey say about right to the city?

A
  • the right to individual freedom and acces to urban sources
  • tje right to change the city
37
Q

how do cities create and reflect gender roles?

A
  • socially constructed differences between men and womes
  • reflection of a system of patriarchy
  • urban spaces reflects such patriarchal patterns
38
Q

what does urban freedom, diversity and tolerance in?

A

subcultures in cities

39
Q

why is prostitution associated with urban life?

A
  • cities provide more sexual freedom
  • large numbers of prostitution in cities
  • urban context important: maritime cities

Urban studies Foundation (11 decks)

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