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Urban studies Foundation > lecture 7 > Flashcards

lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of urban social geography?

A

Examinates the urban environment that affect human relationships on social, economic and political levels, and how those human relationships shape dynamics of the actual city itself

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2
Q

what are the two mixes of approach of urban social geography?

A
  1. interdisciplinary
  2. broad variety of topic, sources and methods
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3
Q

what is the interdisciplinary approach on urban studies and urban social geography?

A

different scientific domains (geography/planning; sociology; cultural studies; history)

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4
Q

what descriptions of urban space using statistical data and analysis are there?

A
  • maps
    -graphs and tables
    -mathematical equations
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5
Q

what is cartesian approach?

A

aim to be scientific (objective)

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6
Q

what are the description of urban space in detail, without answering questions of causality or demonstrating clear relationship among variables?

A
  • participant observation
  • ethnographic interviewing
  • close-reading
  • discourse-analysis
  • surveys
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7
Q

what are the three research questions that determines the methode?

A
  1. a clear research question: explicit, focused, unambiguous, and researchable
  2. research question related to debate in existing literature
  3. methodology requirements:
    • provides an answer to the research question
    • feasibility
    • knowledge and skills
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8
Q

what is the behavioral approach?

A

study of peoples activities and decision making process within their perceived worlds

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9
Q

what are three characteristics of the behavioral approach?

A
  • relation between urban setting and peoples behavior
  • the way urban populations experience the city
  • how do urban settings influence individual and group behavior (deviant behavior)
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10
Q

what is the structralist approach?

A

study of underlying mechanisms and structures that shape peoples behavior in cities

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11
Q

what are three examples of the structuralist approach?

A
  • universal cultural structures determine human behavior (anthropology)
  • neo-marxist approach: class conflict
  • organization of society, powerful groups and institutions govern behavior
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12
Q

what are the two ‘howevers’ in the structuralist approach?

A
  1. there are many different interest (other than class)
  2. human agency
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13
Q

what is the poststructuralist approach?

A

study of culture to understand language and discourse on urban settings, this approach is the opposite of the structural approach

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14
Q

what are characteristics of the poststructural approach?

A
  • opposed to structuralist approach
  • not one underlying mechanism/structure, but numerous shifting variables
  • urban division and inequality reflects in forms of representation, such as language, clothing, music etc.
  • representations involve shared meanings = discourses
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15
Q

cities are not just phisical spaces, but:

A
  • cities are products of human imagination: human geographies
  • plurality of visions and changes over time
  • visions/ideologies of public space in relation to class, gender, ethnicity affect urban planning and design
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16
Q

what is sociospatial dialectic?

A

urban spaces are created by people, and people accomodate to urban environment

17
Q

sociaospatial dialectic

A
  • space defines nature of relationships between different social groups
  • distance important determinant of quality of life (facilities and opportunities)
  • formal, legal boundaries (housing, education)
18
Q

what is macro-geographical dilectic?

A

macro analyses of cities and urbanization
- map important differences between cities in different world regions
- focus on differences between european and north american cities

19
Q

on what 5 differneces between european and north american cities does the macro-geographical dialectic focus?

A
  1. history european cities
  2. minority groups in north america
  3. urban government
  4. welfare state (housing, social care, education)
  5. privatism vs public sector
20
Q

what are 4 basic characteristics of the impact of change?

A
  • rural-urban movement
  • agricultural development (surplus)
  • political stability
  • expansion long-distance trade
21
Q

when were the waves of urbanization in ancient cities, middle ages, and modern era?

A

ancient cities: ca 4000 BC
middle ages: ca 900-1850
modern era: after ca 1850

22
Q

what is the economic change?

A

shift from agricultural and manufactoring industries to services

23
Q

how economic change?

A

market dominated by fewer corporatoins and flexible product systems

24
Q

where economic changes?

A

redeployment of activity (movement of production to low labour areas)

25
Q

what 3 democratic changes are there? (with the date)

A

household composition (after 1950)
baby boom generation (1946-1964)
postboom generation

26
Q

what are characteristics of the household composition after 1950?

A
  • single-parent families
  • 2 wage earners
  • persons living alone
27
Q

what are characteristics of the postboom generation?

A
  • from focus on family consumption
  • financial burden of baby boom generation
  • changing status of woman (feminization of poverty)
28
Q

what are characteristics of cosmopolitanism?

A
  • growing cultural and ethnic diversity
  • scale of movement smaller, but range more diverse
  • movement from all around the world to western cities
  • huge impact on housing, shops, restaurants, buildings (religious diversity)
29
Q

what cultural changes were there?

A
  • rise collective consumption
    • shift from focus on family on consumption
    • shift in economu from production to consumption
    • increasing prosperity postwar period
  • impact on the urban environment:
    • growing home ownership
    • urban spaces increasingly used for consumption (food, clothing, home accessories, technological products, etc.)
30
Q

what political changes were there?

A
  • economic changes in combination with state formation resulted in the rise of welfare states:
    • public services
    • social housing projects
  • since 1980s-1990s reduction of the state:
    • neoliberal policies: welfare state as a problem
      -privatization of housing, schools, and public services
  • participation of urban dwellers: mutual support
31
Q

what is the quantitative methode?

A

description of urban spaces using statistical data and analysis such as maps, graphs and tables, and mathematical equations. this method is based on counting, calculating and measuring.

32
Q

what is the qualitative methode?

A

description of urban space in detail, without answering questions of causality or demonstrating clear relationships among variables. with help of participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, close-reading, discourse-analysis, and surveys

Urban studies Foundation (11 decks)

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