Lecture 11

Question 1

scientific belief

Answer 1

objective realtiy

discoverable by science

Question 2

humanistic belief

Answer 2

no objective reality
everything constructed and relative
critical of the West

Question 3

Franz Boas

Answer 3

founder of American anthropology

Question 4

Kroeber and Mead

Answer 4

students of Boas

humans as blank slate

Question 5

standard social science model

Answer 5

until 1980
blank slate
culture is everything

Question 6

transmitted culture

Answer 6

higher-level meaning

culturally transmitted

Question 7

integrated model

Answer 7

biology + culture

Question 8

evoked culture

Answer 8

environment shaped culture

Question 9

evocation of pathogen avoidance

Answer 9

xenophobia

Question 10

value-based approaches

Answer 10

transmitted culture as key to understand humans

Question 11

examples of value-based approaches

Answer 11

individualism vs collectivism
(=interdependence vs independence)
honor vs dignitiy

Question 12

Markus and Kitayama

Answer 12

founders of collectivism vs individualism

Question 13

Oyserman

Answer 13

massive meta-analysis on collectivism-individualism
lack of standardization
different results
no clear East-West differentiation

Question 14

interpretation hierarchy

Answer 14

first think about whether something is just a convention, not something important

Question 15

replication of big five

Answer 15

all except openness

Question 16

biggest geographical contrast in Big Five

Answer 16

East Asia vs US in extraversion

Question 17

regional difference in Big Five in US

Answer 17

neuroticism higher on East Coast

coasts (and Texas) are ore open

Question 18

James Damore

Answer 18

Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber

was fired

Question 19

maximalist position

Answer 19

gender differences are everything

Question 20

minimalist position

Answer 20

Gender Similarities Hypothesis

Question 21

women are better at

Answer 21

alround competency
social
linguisitic

Question 22

men are better at

Answer 22

visual-spatial

mechanical reasoning

Question 23

variability and gender

Answer 23

men are more variable

more men at the extremes

Question 24

neuroticism and gender

Answer 24

higher in women
after puberty
more affective disorders

Question 25

largest gender difference

Answer 25

interests large effect sizes affect ocupation, also after controlling for salary

Question 26

socialization theory

Answer 26

gender differences are taught

Question 27

preference theory

Answer 27

differences are due to inate preferences

Question 28

prediction of socialization theory

Answer 28

in an equal society, there are no sex differences

Question 29

prediction of prefrence theory

Answer 29

tere are more sex differences in equal societies than in unequal

Question 30

STEM field and sex differences

Answer 30

larger in egalitarian countires maybe due to less economical pressure -> preference theory

Question 31

strong situation hypothesis

Answer 31

the stronger the situation the less personality differences matter, and vice versa

Question 32

the gender paradoxx

Answer 32

the more you treat men and women equal, the more different they will become