Lecture 11: Arterial and Venous Systems and Lymphatics

Question 1

What is vascular distensibility?

Answer 1

increase in volume / increase in pressure x original volume

Question 2

Veins are about ____ times more distensible than arteries

Answer 2

8

Question 3

Pulmonary vein distensibilities are the _____ as systemic veins

Answer 3

same

Question 4

Pulmonary artery distensibilities are ________ than systemic arteries

Answer 4

six times greater

Question 5

What is vascular compliance?

Answer 5

increase of volume / increase in pressure

Question 6

What does capacitance describe?

Answer 6

distensibility of blood vessels

how volume changes in response to a change in pressure

Question 7

How do you calculate compliance?

Answer 7

distensibility x volume

Question 8

capacitance is _______ proportional to volume and ______ proportional to pressure

Answer 8

directly; inversely

Question 9

Is capacitance greater in arteries or veins?

Answer 9

veins

Question 10

The greater the elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the

_______ the elastane and ______ the compliance

Answer 10

higher; lower

Question 11

What is compliance?

Answer 11

measure of the ease with which a hollow viscus may be distended

Question 12

What is vascular compliance?

Answer 12

total quantity of blood that can be stored in a give portion of the circulatory system

Question 13

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 13

stroke volume / atrerial compliance

Question 14

What is the most important determinant of pulse pressure?

Answer 14

stroke volume

Question 15

Diastolic pressure is ____ during ventricular systole, pulse pressure _____ to the same extent as the systolic pressure

Answer 15

unchanged; increases

Question 16

Decreases in compliance, result in an _____ in pulse pressure

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

What is aortic valve stenosis?

Answer 17

diameter of the aortic valve opening is reduced significantly, and the aortic pressure pulse is decreased slightly
blood through aortic valve is diminished

Question 18

What conditions cause abnormal contours of the pressure pulse wave?

Answer 18

aortic valve stenosis
arteriosclerosis
patent ductus arteriosus
aortic regurgitation

Question 19

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 19

half or more of the cardiac output flows back into the pulmonary artery and lung blood vessels
diastolic pressure falls very low before next heartbeat

Question 20

What is aortic regurgitation?

Answer 20

the aortic valve is absent or will not close completely

aortic pressure may fall all the way to 0 to between heartbeats

Question 21

Changes in pressure pulse as pulse waves travels toward ____

Answer 21

small vessels

Question 22

The progressive reduction of the pulsations in the periphery= _______

Answer 22

damping of the pressure pulses

Question 23

What is mean arterial pressure?

Answer 23

the average arterial pressure with respect to time

Question 24

What is the mean arterial pressure equation?

Answer 24

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 25

What is pressure in the right atrium?

Answer 25

central venous pressure

Question 26

What are the factors the regulate right atrial pressure?

Answer 26

ability of the heart to pump blood out of the right atrium/ ventricle tendency of blood to flow into the right atrium

Question 27

factors that increase venous return

Answer 27

increased blood volume increased peripheral venous pressures due to increased large vessel tone dilation of arterioles

Question 28

Small arterioles control ______ to each tissue

Answer 28

blood flow

Question 29

Are arterioles muscular?

Answer 29

yes, highly

Question 30

What is vasomotion?

Answer 30

cyclical opening and closing of precapillary sphincter

Question 31

What are capillary split pores?

Answer 31

intercellular clefts spacing of 6-7 nm | allow for rapid diffusion of water, water soluble ions and small solutes

Question 32

What forms plasmalemmal vesicles?

Answer 32

cave-ins

Question 33

What plasmalemmal vesicles do?

Answer 33

play a role in endocytosis and transcytosis

Question 34

What is the most important factor regulating vasomotion?

Answer 34

concentration of oxygen in the tissues

Question 35

______ is the most important means for the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid

Answer 35

diffusion

Question 36

Rate of diffusion is ______ proportional to concentration differences of the diffusing substances

Answer 36

directly

Question 37

What do starling forces do?

Answer 37

determine direction of diffusion not or out of the capillary

Question 38

Lymph vessels possess _______ valves

Answer 38

one way

Question 39

Lymph flow reaches maximum when interstitial pressure ______

Answer 39

rises slightly above atmospheric pressure

Question 40

What are factors that increase lymph flow?

Answer 40

elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure increased permeability of capillaries

Question 41

What is the rate of lymph flow equation?

Answer 41

rate of lymph flow= interstitial fluid pressure x activity of lymphatic pump