lecture 11: Neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasia

Answer 1

Abnormal Tissue Growth

Question 2

Benign tumor

Answer 2

well differentiated and localized

Question 3

malignant tumor

Answer 3

poorly-differentiated, destructive, unconstrained

Question 4

primary neoplasia

Answer 4

usually solitary lesions affecting sub-adults

Question 5

secondary neoplasia

Answer 5

usually stemming from other tissues of origin

Question 6

types of primary benign neoplasia

Answer 6

• Cysts
• osteoblastic tumors
• chondroblastic tumors
• fibroblastic tumors

Question 7

types of cysts

Answer 7

1) unicameral bone cysts: most common in children and adolescents. typically affects the long bones
2) aneurysmal bone cysts: less common; involves long bones; exhibits distinct bulge of newly formed shell over the eroded cortex

Question 8

types of osteoblastic tumors

Answer 8

1) osteoma: usually small and are comprised of dense lamellar bone.
2) osteoid osteoma: very small; comprised of poorly mineralized bone forming around mature tissue

Question 9

types of chondroblastic tumors

Answer 9

1) chondroma: tumor of hyaline cartilage affecting adolescents
2) Osteochondroma: one of most common benign tumors initiated during growth period; solitary lesions usually affect long bones

Question 10

types of fibroblastic tumors

Answer 10

1) Fibrous cortical defect: common among children; begins on inner periosteum; rarely becomes malignant; separated from medullary cavity by layer of dense cortical bone
2) Osteoclastoma: common; borderline benign and is comprised of many multinucleated cells; affects adolescents and young adults; completely destroys cortical and trabecular bone but does’nt penetrate joint

Question 11

how many types of malignant neoplasia?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

5 types of malignant neoplasia (cancer)

Answer 12

• carcinoma
• sarcoma
• lymphoma
• leukemia
• myeloma

Question 13

carcinoma

Answer 13

-develops from epithelial cells, 80-90% of cancer toda7

Question 14

Sarcoma

Answer 14

• 1% of cancers

- develops in support and connective tissues such as bones, muscles, tendons and fat

Question 15

myeloma

Answer 15

develops in plasma cells of hematopoietic bone marrow

Question 16

leukemia

Answer 16

develops in white blood cells of hematopoietic bone marrow

Question 17

lymphoma

Answer 17

develops in lymphocytes and glands of lymphatic system

Question 18

Endosteal osteosarcoma

Answer 18

-common in adolescents and young adults
-most common malignant bone affliction
-most common in areas of rapid endochondral growth
-lesion destroy normal bone and extend into areas of soft tissue
-

Question 19

chondrosarcoma

Answer 19

• affects adolescents and adults
• second most common bone malignancy
• occurs frequently on long bones
• typically nodular tumors that destroy trabecular bone

Question 20

ewings sarcoma

Answer 20

• affects adolescents and adults
• third most common malignancy
• occurs most frequently on appendicular long bones and the pelvis
• tumors comprised of loose mesenchymal cells that pernitrate marrow spaces and Haversian canals
• resorption along Haversian Canals leads to mottling of the cortex

Question 21

myeloma

Answer 21

• affects older adults most
• arises in plasma cells of hematopoietic bone marrow
• initial lesion is slow growing along proximal long bones or axial skeleton
• radiographic “soap bubble”