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Biodiversity > Lecture 11: The invertebrates I > Flashcards

Lecture 11: The invertebrates I Flashcards

1
Q

The Parazoa

A
  • no gastrulation
  • no true tissues
  • some specialised cells
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2
Q

Phylum Porifera (sponges)

A
  • 5000 - 10,000 species
  • simple body plan
  • lack muscles, nervous system, organs
  • may be asymmetrical
  • resemble a rigid, sessile,perforated sack
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3
Q

parazoa feeding:

A

water flows in to spongocoel where amoebocyte with choanocyte are attached. Amoebocyte are mobile. Choanocyte have flagellum waft food into collar of choanocyte, amoebocyte able to move to whereas is needed. water flow pushed out top of osculum

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4
Q

The radiata

A
  • radial symmetry

- diploblastic

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5
Q

Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals)

A
  • 10,000 species
  • simple form - a blind sac with a gastrovascular cavity
  • mouth = anus
  • polyp (mouth up) or medusa (mouth down) form
  • no brain, but simple nerve network
  • contractile bundles of microtubules act like muscles
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6
Q

poly form:

A

mouth up

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7
Q

medusa form:

A

mouth down

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8
Q

cnidocytes:

A

A cnidocyte is an explosive cell containing one giant secretory organelle that defines the phylum Cnidaria

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9
Q

nematocysts

A

specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defence or to capture prey.

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10
Q

within the phylum Cnidaria what are the main 4/5 classes

A
  • hydrozoan
  • scyphozoan
  • cubozoan
  • anthozoan
  • tetraplatia???
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11
Q

protostomia are a

A

clade of animals

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12
Q

protostome features:

A
  • characteristic cell division and coelom formation, early cell determination, mouth forms first
  • ventral nerve cord
  • includes most known animal species
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13
Q

two groups of protostomes?

A
  • Lophotrochozoa

- Ecdysozoa

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14
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Lophotrochozoa) known as –> Flatworms:

A

(planarians, tapeworms)

  • 20,000 spp
  • once considered the earliest bilateral animals due to simple body plan (gastrovascular cavity, no coelom)
  • now believed to have had a coelom then lost it
  • triploblastic with true mesoderm
  • mesoderm -> true organs, organ systems and muscles
  • cephalisation and sensory/motor system development
  • lack gas exchange and circulatory organs
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15
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Lophotrochozoa), Class Turbellaria

A
  • free-living marine animals (predators or scavengers)
  • blind gastrovascular cavity with complex folding
  • eyespots detect light
  • regenerate or reproduce sexually
  • hermaphrodites
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16
Q

hermaphrodites:

A

a person or animal having both male and female sex organs or other sexual characteristics

17
Q

New Zealand Flatworm

A
  • exotic species imported by accident in 1960s (SCOTLAND)
  • 6-12cm long, feeds on earthworms
  • few natural enemies, but ground beetle larvae eat them
18
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Lophotrochozoa), Class Trematoda

A

-parasitic flukes, usually of vertebrates

19
Q

parasitic fluke lifecycle

A

HUMAN HOST
1, mature flukes in blood vessels of intestine
2, blood flukes reproduce sexually in human host. Fertilised eggs exit host in faeces
3, Eggs develop in water into ciliated larvae. Larvae infect snails
SNAIL HOST
4, Asexual reproduction within snail results in another type of motile larvae
5, larvae penetrate skin and blood vessels of humans

20
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Lophotrochozoa), class Cestoidea

A
  • parasitic tapeworms, consists of scolex and proglottids
21
Q 
Phylum Annelida (Lophotrochozoan), known as segmented worms
12,000 spp
A
  • Body linear and metameric (segmented)
  • Coelom divided by septa
  • each segment has ganglia, circular blood vessel, & paired metanephridia
  • circular and longitudinal muscle in body wall
  • dorsal & ventral blood vessels in a closed circulatory system
  • digestive tract has specialised regions
22
Q

Phylum Annelida (Lophotrochozoan), known as

A

segmented worms

12,000 spp

23
Q

Annelids: class Oligochaete

A

3,500 spp
(earthworms)
-terrestrial and freshwater segmented worms

24
Q

Annelids: Class Polychaeta

A
  • 8,000 spp

- marine segmented worms, well developed head and feet

25
Q

Annelids:

Class Hirudinea

A
  • 500spp (leeches)
  • many are specialised blood sucking parasites
  • dorsally flattened, reduced segmentation and coelom
26
Q

Important evolutionary features of the Annelids:

A
  • well developed coelom

- Metamerism

27
Q

Important evolutionary features of the Annelids: well developed coelom

A
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • body space for storage and organ development
  • cushion for the internal organs
  • buffers the actions of body wall muscles from the action of muscles in the digestive tract
28
Q

Important evolutionary features of the Annelids: metamerism

A

allows for specialisation of regions of the body

Biodiversity (11 decks)

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