Lecture 12 Agression Flashcards
(45 cards)
4 dimensions of aggression
- behaviour (action)
- verbal or physical
- intent to physically or psychologically harm
- directed towards another living organism
agressive behaviour
an overt verbal or physical act where the intent is to psychologically or physically injure another person
aggressive behaviour is classifies by these 2 ways
pain/injury
tangible reward
Hostile (reactive) aggression
reinforcement is seeing pain or injury inflicted
( you are reacting to something that has happened)
- intent to harm
- goal to harm
- anger
Instrumental aggression
reinforcement is a tangible reward such as money, victory, praise or getting the puck
- intent to harm (lesser)
- goal to win
- no anger
assertive behaviour
heightened physical behavior where there is no intent to harm or injure another person
(NOT AGGRESSION - can be within the rules)
- no intent to harm
- goal to work hard
- no anger
Psychodynamic theory
humans are born with instinct for aggression (catharsis when aggression builds up and must be released)
- it is a survival value where sport is a substitute for war
Limitations: agression is maintained, and there is no draining of these tendencies
frustration-aggression theory (original)
a blocked goal causes the individual to become frustrated & frustration produces aggression
(frustration -> aggressive drive -> aggressive behaviour)
- aggression is a natural response to frustration
- limitation: NOT always linked
REVISED frustration-aggression theory
blocked goal causes emotional reactions (ex. anger) which lead to readiness to behave aggressively; appropriate environmental cues causes this readiness to develop into aggression
- frustrating events increase probability but does not always occur
suspension in sports (4 considerations)
violates norms of the sport (fighting in hockey)
viewpoint (doer vs. receiver)
outcome of the act ( did injury occur)
extent of the injury
physiological theories
aggressive behaviour occurs because individuals have either a brain pathology or excess testosterone
moral disengagement
aggressive behaviour occurs through individuals changing their morality under certain conditions
social learning theory
individuals use aggression because they have LEARNED that aggression pays
- most comprehensive and supported
in the social learning theory, what two ways is aggression learned through
vicarious/observational learning social reinforcement (rewarded or NOT punished for behaviour)
main focus of Social learning theory
focus on primary socialization agents on how children learn aggressive behaviours - and how this aggression can be generalized to other situations
Moral disengagement
extension of social learning to moral behaviour where people attempt to disengage themselves from the behaviour (ex. even though someone believes fighting is acceptable they may still do it for some reason)
8 methods of the moral disengagement theory
1) moral justification
2) euphemistic labeling
3) advantageous comparison
4) displacement of responsibility
5) diffusion of responsibility
6) distortion of consequences
7) dehumanization
8) attribution of blame
moral justification
there was a reason to do it
euphemistic labeling
making something sound not as bad as it actually is
advantageous comparison
their behaviour wasn’t as bad as the other person
displacement of responsibility
blaming someone else
diffusion of responsibility
putting blame on whole team rather than one person
distortion of consequences
not that bad
dehumanization
calling opponent different names, thinking of them as less of a person
