Lecture 13 Personality in Sport & Exercise

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

overall organization of psychological characteristics - thinking, feeling, behaving - that differentiates us from others and leads us to act consistently across time and situations
- a set of traits that make individuals unique

Question 2

4 types of personality development

Answer 2

psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive behavioural
interactionism

Question 3

psychodynamic

Answer 3

• all behaviour is interconnected and driven by unconscious forces
• Freud’s personality structure
  a) ID: pleasure principle
  b) ego: reality principle
  c) superego: should/should not principle

Question 4

humanistic

Answer 4

• based on development of personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving & individual dignity ( experiences, beliefs, values, perceptions)
• self actualization

Question 5

psychodynamic theory

Answer 5

• all behaviour is interconnected and driven by unconscious forces
• Freud’s personality structure
  a) ID: pleasure principle
  b) ego: reality principle
  c) superego: should/should not principle

Question 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 6

bottom--> top
physiological needs
safety needs
social needs
esteem needs
self-actualization

Question 7

self actualization

Answer 7

reaching ones potential

Question 8

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 8

bottom--> top
physiological needs
safety needs
social needs
esteem needs
self-actualization

Question 9

4 theories of personality development

Answer 9

psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive behavioural
interactionism

Question 10

psychodynamic theory

Answer 10

• all behaviour is interconnected and driven by unconscious forces
• Freud’s personality structure
  a) ID: pleasure principle
  b) ego: reality principle
  c) superego: should/should not principle

Question 11

humanistic theory

Answer 11

• based on development of personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving & individual dignity ( experiences, beliefs, values, perceptions)
• self actualization

Question 12

self actualization

Answer 12

reaching ones potential

Question 13

the “big five model”

Answer 13

Openness to experience = being curious and open-minded; imaginative and creative
Conscientiousness = being determined, strong-willed, self-disciplined
Extraversion = having an energetic approach to the world; talkative and affectionate
Agreeableness = compliance; positive approach toward others; trusting
Neuroticism = feelings of tension, worry, and nervousness

Question 14

4 theories of personality development

Answer 14

psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive behavioural
interactionism

Question 15

psychodynamic theory

Answer 15

• all behaviour is interconnected and driven by unconscious forces
• Freud’s personality structure
  a) ID: pleasure principle
  b) ego: reality principle
  c) superego: should/should not principle

Question 16

humanistic theory

Answer 16

• based on development of personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving & individual dignity ( experiences, beliefs, values, perceptions)
• self actualization

Question 17

self actualization

Answer 17

reaching ones potential

Question 18

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 18

bottom--> top
physiological needs
safety needs
social needs
esteem needs
self-actualization

Question 19

cognitive - behavioural

Answer 19

• behaviour is learned through experience
• disregards dispositions, drive, instinct
• behaviour is more likely to continue with reward or punishment

Question 20

Interactionism

Answer 20

Individuals behaviour is a product of both the unique characteristics of the individual and the situation that they are in.
Personality traits
Goals and motivations
Normative/ appropriate situational behaviour

Question 21

Historical Personality Theory

Answer 21

The balance of our bodily fluids led to personality traits.

• Sanguine: optimistic (blood)
• Melancholic: doleful (black bile)
• Choleric: passionate (yellow bile)
• Phlegmatic: calm (phlegmy)

Question 22

Sheldon’s constitutional theory

Answer 22

body type theories: body type predisposes individuals toward specific behavioural consistencies
Ectomorph: tall, linear, lean, cerebrotonia personality (tense, introvert, inhibited)
Endomorph: plumpness, roundness, viscerotonia personality (affectionate, sociable, relaxed, cheerful)
Mesomorph: inverted triangle shape, athletic body, somatotonic personality ( adventurous, risk-taking, aggressive, take charge)

Question 23

Cattell’s Trait personality model

Answer 23

16 different personality trait dichotomies

Question 24

why is sheldons constitutional theory flawed

Answer 24

peoples body type can change and it doesn’t show personality

Question 25

the "big five model"

Answer 25

Openness to experience = being curious and open-minded; imaginative and creative Conscientiousness = being determined, strong-willed, self-disciplined Extraversion = having an energetic approach to the world; talkative and affectionate Agreeableness = compliance; positive approach toward others; trusting Neuroticism = feelings of tension, worry, and nervousness

Question 26

what is the acronym for the big five model?

Answer 26

OCEAN

Question 27

Trait Theory

Answer 27

central elements of personality are stable across time and situations (cognitive, behavioural, emotional)

Question 28

True or False: personality testing is effective for team

Answer 28

false. it is not effective

Question 29

True or False: there is not an athletic personality

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Do people higher in extroversion and conscientiousness have higher likelihood to exercise or not?

Answer 30

they have higher likelihood

Question 31

True or False: some activities are more or less appealing to people with specific personality traits

Answer 31

false. research does not suggest that

Question 32

3 ways of measuring trait personality

Answer 32

the "big five" Myers-briggs Keirsey Temperment Sorter

Question 33

what do the 16 personality preferences impact?

Answer 33

how we think, act and feel

Question 34

what are the 4 temperaments (according to Keirsey)

Answer 34

guardian rational idealist artisan

Question 35

guardian

Answer 35

dependable, reliave, hard working, loyal

Question 36

rational

Answer 36

pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained, problem solvers

Question 37

idealist

Answer 37

enthusiastic, romantics, trust their intuition, seek their true selves

Question 38

artisan

Answer 38

fun loving, optimistic, present focused

Question 39

3 sport specific measurements

Answer 39

Athletic Motivation inventory Sport Competition anxiety test Profile of mood states

Question 40

Athletic motivation inventory

Answer 40

Designed to measure personality and motivation of athletes in competitive sport

Question 41

Sport competition anxiety test

Answer 41

Designed to assess competitive trait anxiety

Question 42

Profile of Mood states

Answer 42

Designed to assess state affect in psychiatric populations

Question 43

questions we must consider (ethical) while testing personality in sport context

Answer 43

- Why are we testing personality? - Are we using personality to select or screen athletes? - What personality measure are we using and why? - Should athlete specific measures be used? - Will qualified professionals be administering the test?

Question 44

what is perfectionism highly correlated with

Answer 44

ego motivation | task achievement motivation

Question 45

Maladaptive perfectionism correlations

Answer 45

ego orientation competitive trait anger negative body attitudes and body image

Question 46

adaptive perfectionism correlations

Answer 46

low concern over mistakes

Question 47

mental toughness

Answer 47

inner commitment of control, competitiveness, concentration, confidence, commitment, determination, desire, focus, persistence, optimism, critical for elite sport