Lecture 13 & 14

Question 0

2 key divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 0

Somatic - muscle

Autonomic - internal organs (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric)

Question 1

Any nervous tissue located outside of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

A bundle of neuron axons in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Nerve

Question 3

A grouping of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral (autonomic) n.s.

Answer 3

Ganglion

Question 4

How many cranial nerves are there

Answer 4

12 pairs

Question 5

Where does PNS connect with CNS

Answer 5

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 6

Each spinal nerve contains these 2 types of neurons

Answer 6

Motor and sensory

Question 7

_____ neurons leave the spinal cord through the ventral root

Answer 7

Motor neurons

Question 8

_______ neurons enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root

Answer 8

Sensory

Question 9

Effector cells innervated in autonomic vs somatic

Answer 9

A: smooth muscle, visceral tissues

S: skeletal muscle

Question 10

of neurons in “motor response” in autonomic vs somatic

Answer 10

A: 2 neurons with a synapse in the periphery (in a ganglion)

S: 1 neuron with the cell body in the grey matter

Question 11

Neurotransmitters used in autonomic vs somatic

Answer 11

A: depends on based on pre- or post-ganglionic and sympathetic or parasympathetic

S: acetylcholine

Question 12

Fight or flight function

Answer 12

Sympathetic

Question 13

“Rest and digest” function

Answer 13

Parasympathetic

Question 14

Location of synapse in sympathetic ns

Answer 14

Thoracolumbar

Question 15

Location of synapse in parasympathetic ns

Answer 15

Craniosacral

Question 16

Neurotransmitters of the autonomic motor response are all acetylcholine except for

Answer 16

Sympathetic post-ganglion = norepinephrine

Question 17

Synapse close to target tissue

Answer 17

Parasympathetic

Question 18

Synapse close to spinal cord

Answer 18

Sympathetic

Question 19

What are sensory systems?

Answer 19

Means by which the CNS receives info from external envt, internal envt, the position and movement of the body

Question 20

Conscious perception of sensory stimuli

Answer 20

Sensation

Question 21

Process of converting sensory info into an electrical signal

Answer 21

Transduction

Question 22

2 types of transduction

Answer 22

Ionotropic & metabotropic

Question 23

Sensory stimuli directly opens
Chemical sensation - taste/smell
Pressure -touch

Answer 23

Ionotropic

Question 24

Indirectly opens ion in channel | Sight, some taste, smell

Answer 24

Metabotropic

Question 25

_________ mechanisms salty and sour

Answer 25

Ionotropic

Question 26

_________ mechanisms sweet bitter and umami

Answer 26

Metabotropic

Question 27

Chemical sensation | Particles must be dissolved in mucus to interact with the receptors

Answer 27

Olfaction (smell)

Question 28

Funnels sound in ear

Answer 28

Outer ear

Question 29

Vibrates in ear

Answer 29

Ear drum

Question 30

3 small bones in ear drum

Answer 30

Hammer, anvil, stirrup

Question 31

Movement of sound

Answer 31

Outer ear -> ear drum -> middle ear bones -> oval window -> cochlea

Question 32

Receptor cells

Answer 32

Hair cells that move into tectorial membrane which opens stretch gated channels

Question 33

_________________ vibration pushes hair cells onto tectorial membrane

Answer 33

Basilar membrane

Question 34

Control light entering the eye

Answer 34

Pupil

Question 35

Focus light / image on the retina

Answer 35

Cornea and lens

Question 36

Photoreceptors that respond to light

Answer 36

Rods (low light) and cones (color)