Quizzes Over Exam 2 Material Flashcards
Which neurons carry info from the peripheral nervous system towards the central nervous system
sensory
name two major characteristics of the central nervous system
centralization and cephalization
this part of the brain communicates closely with the endocrine system
hypothalamus
this part of the brain is the area where the majority of integration and processing occurs in the brain (ie. taking in all the incoming messages, organizing them and generating a response)
cerebral cortex
the 2 types of neural circuits involving the spinal cord are the ________ which carry info to/from the brain and the _____ which carry info to/from the periphery.
Ascending/descending circuits
local circuits
what part of the neuron is responsible for making (peptide/protein) neurotransmitters?
cell body (soma)
what part of the neuron is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters?
axon terminal (pre-synaptic terminal)
which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
what is the resting membrane potential of a neuron
-65 mV
at resting membrane potential, the neuron is more permeable to which ion?
K+
which of the following represents a membrane potential that is depolarized compared to resting membrane potential?
- 40mV
- 65mV
- 80mV
-40mV
when membrane depolarization reaches a certain threshold, which membrane channels are the first to open?
voltage-gated sodium channels
During the falling phase of the action potential what do the channels do?
Voltage-gated sodium channels inactive, voltage-gated potassium channels open
why do action potentials only travel in one direction down the axon (ie. from the cell body towards the axon terminal)?
the voltage-gated sodium channels in the upstream portion of the axon (where the action potential has just occurred) may still be inactive, making that segment of membrane non-responsive to membrane depolarization
the voltage-gated potassium channels in the upstream portion of the axon (where the action potential has just occurred) may still be open, causing a hyper-polarized membrane.
name one factor that can lead to an increase in the speed that the action potential travels down the axon.
increased axon diameter, increased temp, increased myelination
which of the following types of NT receptors cause a direct effect on membrane permeability for ions
ionotropic
which ion must flow into the axon terminal in order for NT release to occur?
Ca2+
which type of receptor is used for ionotropic synapses?
ligand-gated ion channel
which type of summation refers to the net effect of the same pre-synaptic neuron being stimulated multiple times in rapid succession?
temporal
which type of NT receptor is used in a neuromuscular synapse?
Na+/K+ -ATPase receptor
Which of the following correctly describes a metabotropic NT receptor?
G-coupled protein receptor.
with regards to spinal nerves, the sensory neurons enter the spinal cord through the _____ horn and motor neurons leave the spinal cord through the ____ horn
dorsal, ventral
regarding the somatic nervous system … True or false? There is a single neuron that travels from the spinal cord to the target tissue
true
regarding the somatic nervous system … True or false? the NT used at the target tissue is acetylcholine
true
