Lecture 13

Question 1

Having the same genes in a pair = ___.

Answer 1

homozygous

Question 2

Having unlike genes in a pair = ___.

Answer 2

heterozygous

Question 3

Expression of genes present (what you see or perceive) = ___.

Answer 3

phenotype

Question 4

Actual genes present, regardless of whether or not they’re expressed = ___.

Answer 4

genotype

Question 5

Hereditary material, ___, is found in ___ organized in units called ___.

Answer 5

DNA, chromosomes, genes

Question 6

Segment of DNA molecule = ___.

Answer 6

gene

Question 7

Each gene codes for the ___ ___ ___.

Answer 7

formation of protein

Question 8

___ control all phases in the life of an organism.

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

On a ___ gene is a second gene for the same trait at the same location.

Answer 9

homologous

Question 10

New combinations of genes occur in ___ ___.

Answer 10

sexual reproduction

Question 11

___ chromosomes look alike and carry genes for the same traits.

Answer 11

homologous

Question 12

Gametes are ___ and contain only one of each ___ ___.

Answer 12

haploid, homologous chromosome

Question 13

The ___ receives ___ ___ ___ of chromosomes from the ___ and ___ ___ ___ of chromosomes from the ___.

Answer 13

zygote, one haploid set, egg, one haploid set, sperm

Question 14

For any genetic trait, organisms have ___ ___.

Answer 14

2 genes

Question 15

An organism receives ___ ___ on a ___ ___ from one parent, and ___ ___ for that ___ trait on a ___ ___ from the other parent.

Answer 15

1 gene, specific chromosome, another gene, same, homologous chromosome

Question 16

Alternate forms of genes = ___.

Answer 16

alleles

Question 17

An organism can have 2 identical ___ for a specific characteristic, making it ___.

Answer 17

alleles, homozygous

Question 18

An organism can have 2 different ___ for a specific characteristic, making it ___.

Answer 18

alleles, heterozygous

Question 19

For each trait, one ___ generally masks the other, or is ___ over it.

Answer 19

allele, dominant

Question 20

The non-dominant allele is called ___.

Answer 20

recessive

Question 21

Father of genetics who studied inheritance in the middle of the 1800s = ___ ___.

Answer 21

Gregor Mendel

Question 22

Gregor Mendel was ___ and worked as a ___.

Answer 22

Austrian, monk

Question 23

Mendel’s work was ignored for ___ ___.

Answer 23

30 years

Question 24

Mendel experimented with ___ ___ to demonstrate the principles of ___. They were easy to work with because they ___-___ but are easy to cross.

Answer 24

garden peas, heredity, self-pollinate

Question 25

Mating individuals that differ in only one trait = ___ ___.

Answer 25

monohybrid cross

Question 26

Mendel made many ___ ___ and followed the offspring for at least ___ generations.

Answer 26

monohybrid crosses, 2

Question 27

Mendel crossed a pea plant that only produced ___ ___ with one that only produced ___ ___ - a ___ ___. These plants were ___, or the ___ ___.

Answer 27

yellow seeds, green seeds, monohybrid cross, P, parental generation

Question 28

The offspring from the green-yellow ___ ___ were called the ___ ___, or ___ ___ ___, and produced only ___ ___.

Answer 28

monohybrid cross, F1 generation, first filial generation, yellow seeds

Question 29

Mendel allowed the ___ ___ to ___-___.

Answer 29

F1 generation, self-pollinate

Question 30

The ___ ___ developed seeds in a ratio of about ___ yellow to ___ green.

Answer 30

F2 generation, 75%, 25%

Question 31

Homozygous yellow plant = ___.

Answer 31

YY

Question 32

Homozygous green plant = ___.

Answer 32

yy

Question 33

Heterozygous yellow plant = ___.

Answer 33

Yy

Question 34

A mating experiment between 2 organisms that are identically hybrid for 2 traits = ___ ___.

Answer 34

dihybrid cross

Question 35

Understanding ___ ___ and what they do explains how genes function.

Answer 35

nucleic acids

Question 36

Nucleic acids are composed of repeating units called ___.

Answer 36

nucleotides

Question 37

DNA = ___ ___.

Answer 37

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 38

RNA = ___ ___.

Answer 38

ribonucleic acid

Question 39

Nucleotides contain a ___ (either ribose or deoxyribose), a ___ ___, and a ___ ___.

Answer 39

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Question 40

A phosphate group looks like ___.

Answer 40

PO4

Question 41

The sugar in a nucleotide can be either ___ or ___.

Answer 41

ribose, deoxyribose

Question 42

The nitrogenous bases are ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 42

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 43

___ is a nitrogenous base that is only in DNA.

Answer 43

thymine

Question 44

___ is a nitrogenous base that is only in RNA.

Answer 44

uracil

Question 45

The purine bases are ___ and ___.

Answer 45

adenine, guanine

Question 46

The pyrimidine bases are ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 46

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 47

The ___ of the ___ in DNA makes up the ___ ___.

Answer 47

sequence, bases, genetic code

Question 48

DNA exists as a ___ ___ ___ that is twisted into a ___.

Answer 48

double stranded molecule, helix

Question 49

The sides of DNA's helix are composed of ___ and ___.

Answer 49

sugars, phosphates

Question 50

In DNA, ___ ___ ___ extend across the molecule.

Answer 50

pairs of bases

Question 51

In DNA, ___ matches with ___ and ___ matches with ___.

Answer 51

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 52

RNA is a ___ ___ ___.

Answer 52

single stranded molecule

Question 53

RNA is involved in the ___ ___ ___ by carrying out the instructions coded on the ___ ___.

Answer 53

manufacture of proteins, DNA molecule

Question 54

mRNA = ___ RNA

Answer 54

messenger

Question 55

rRNA = ___ RNA

Answer 55

ribosomal

Question 56

tRNA = ___ RNA

Answer 56

transfer

Question 57

Copying a segment of nucleic acid, such as DNA, into RNA = ___.

Answer 57

transcription

Question 58

A segment of the ___ molecule is used as a template / model for ___ of a molecule of ___.

Answer 58

template, model, synthesis, mRNA

Question 59

___ carries information for a protein out to the ___.

Answer 59

mRNA, cytoplasm

Question 60

In transcription, ___ attaches to a ___.

Answer 60

mRNA, ribosome

Question 61

After a segment of it is used for a molecule of ___, the ___ rewinds and the ___ leaves the ___.

Answer 61

mRNA, DNA, mRNA, nucleus

Question 62

Every ___ bases on the ___ is called a ___.

Answer 62

3, RNA, codon

Question 63

Each ___ specifies an ___ ___.

Answer 63

codon, amino acid

Question 64

In translation, an ___ molecule is translated into a ___.

Answer 64

mRNA, protein

Question 65

In translation, an ___ molecule is read ___ ___ ___ to form a ___ ___ ___ ___.

Answer 65

mRNA, codon by codon, chain of amino acids

Question 66

Amino acids are carried to the ___ by ___.

Answer 66

ribosome, tRNA

Question 67

tRNA molecules bring the ___ ___ to the ___.

Answer 67

amino acids, ribosome

Question 68

As the ___ is translated, the ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.

Answer 68

mRNA. chain of amino acid elongates

Question 69

Genetic code and protein synthesis isn't the same in all living organisms. T/F?

Answer 69

F

Question 70

One organism can understand the genetic instructions of another organism. T/F?

Answer 70

T

Question 71

Using tools of ___ ___, scientists can transfer genes from one organism to another.

Answer 71

genetic engineering