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322 > Lecture 13: Malabsorption conditions > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Malabsorption conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

Malabsoprtion is inadeuqate absorption of nutreints from the GI tract. Mostrly the small instestine walls

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2
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

Malabsoprtion is inadeuqate absorption of nutreints from the GI tract. Mostly the small instestine walls

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3
Q

What are the macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrate, fat, protein

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4
Q

What arethe micronutrients?

A

Vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

What are the micronutreients?

A

vitamins and minerals

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6
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the GI tract - most absorption happens through the small intestine walls

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7
Q

What causes mucosal absorption issues?

A

Crogns, coeliac and surgery

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7
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the GI tract - most absorption happens through the small intestine walls

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8
Q

What causes pre mucosal digestion issues?

A

Pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and lactase deficiency

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9
Q

What is the effect of crohns and coeliac on absorption?

A

The epithelium is abnormal so deficient absoprtion

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10
Q

what is the effect of cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis and lactase deficiency of absorption?

A

Insufficient digestive agents so macronuterints are not broken down.

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10
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

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11
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the GI tract - most absorption happens through the small intestine walls

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11
Q

How does crohns disease cause malabsoprtion?

A

inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease can disrupt the normal absorption processes.

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11
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

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11
Q

How does crohns disease cause malabsoprtion?

A

inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease can disrupt the normal absorption processes.

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11
Q

What deficiencies can crohns disease cause?

A
  • iron deficiency anaemia
  • B12/ folate deficiency
  • Vitamin D and calcium deficiency
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11
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

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11
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

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11
Q

How does coeliac disease cause malabsoprtion?

A

autoimmune condition, where the immune system reacts abnormally to the ingestion of gluten, leading to damage and inflammation of the small intestine mucosa, this causes villous atrophy

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12
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

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13
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

Malabsorption is inadequate absorption of nutrients from the GI tract - most absorption happens through the small intestine walls

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14
Q

How does crohns disease cause malabsoprtion?

A

The inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease can disrupt the normal absorption processes.

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15
Q

What deficiencies does crohns disease lead to?

A

iron deficiency anaemia, B12/ folate deficiency, vitamin D and calcium deficiency.

16
Q

What is villous atrophy?

A

finger like projections become flattened, this decreased the absoption capacity of the small intestine.

17
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

17
Q

What deficiencies does crohns disease lead to?

A

iron deficiency anaemia, B12/ folate deficiency, vitamin D and calcium deficiency.

18
Q

What is villous atrophy?

A

finger like projections become flattened, this decreased the absoption capacity of the small intestine.

18
Q

What deficiencies does crohns disease lead to?

A

iron deficiency anaemia, B12/ folate deficiency, vitamin D and calcium deficiency.

18
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

Malabsorption is inadequate absorption of nutrients from the GI tract - most absorption happens through the small intestine walls

18
Q

What is the effect of surgical resection, bypass, congenital abnormality of absorption?

A

The bowel is short so theres less surface area for absorption

18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms of coeliac disease?

A

Fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, weight loss

21
Q

What are common complications of coeliac disease?

A

Anaemia, osteoporosis

22
Q

What is the treatment for coeliac disease?

A

Elimination of gluten from the diet

23
Q

What is short bowel syndrome

A

Condition that occurs when a significant portion of the small intestine is surgically removed or is congenitally absent

24
Q

Why are higher doses of drugs required in patients with short bowel syndrome?

A

Higher dose needed as small intestine is site of absorption and less surface area means less absorption and less in bloodstream

25
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis?

A

Long-term inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in digestion

26
Q

Who does chronic pancreatiis affect more?

A

Men due to reduced pancreatic enzymes

27
Q

What is chronic pancreatitic assocuaited with?

A

Long term excess alcohol consumption

28
Q

What test is done for chronic pancreatitis?

A

Faecal elastase and test for fat soluble vitamin deficiencies

29
Q

How does cystic fibrosis cause malabsorption?

A

Thick, sticky mucus that can block the airways and impair the function of various organs, including the pancreas, liver, and intestines. Malabsorption is a common complication of cystic fibrosis, primarily due to pancreatic insufficiency. Pancreas does not produce enough digestive enzymes to break down and absorb nutrients properly.

30
Q

What are the effects of malabsoprtion caused by cystic fibrosis?

A

Malnutrition, weight loss, osteoporosis

31
Q

How is malabsoption due to cystic fibrosis treataed?

A
  • pancreatic enzyme supplementation
  • fat soluble vitamin supplementation
  • calorie replacement
32
Q

What is lactase deficiecy?

A

Condition characterized by the inability to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It occurs when the body does not produce enough of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose into its component sugars, glucose, and galactose.

33
Q

What is primary lactase deficiency?

A

decrease in lactase production after infancy.

34
Q

What is secondary lactase deficiency?

A

This form of lactase deficiency is typically temporary and occurs as a result of an injury or illness that damages the lining of the small intestine, such as certain gastrointestinal infections, celiac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease

35
Q

What is congenital lactase deficiency?

A

This rare form of lactase deficiency is present from birth and is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of lactase.

36
Q

What is steatorrhoea?

A

excess fat is lost in the stools, making them float, appear pale and bulky and smell offensive

37
Q

How do you treat carbohydrate, protein and fat malabsoprtion?

A

supplementation of pancreatic enzymes - lipase, amylase and protease (creon)

38
Q

When should you take creon?

A

During or just after a meal becuase it can cause local irritation

39
Q

What are the main signs of fat malabsorption?

A

Steatorrhoea

40
Q

What are the main signs of protein malabsorption?

A

Muscle wasting, malnutrition, oedema

41
Q

What are the main signs of carbohydrate malabsorption?

A

Bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea

42
Q

What are the main signs of vitamin D malabsorption?

A

Bone problems

43
Q

What are the main signs of vitamin E malabsorption?

A

Neurological problems

44
Q

What are the main signs of vitamin K malabsorption?

A

Clotting problems

45
Q

What are the main signs of vitamin A malabsorption?

A

night blindness

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