Lecture 13 - Palm oil Flashcards
how much expansion 2001-2011
5.5 Mha
how much increase area 1999-2008
56%
how much forest loss SE Asia in 2012
20,000 km2
Hansen 2013
How much carbon no longer retained after conversion
dry dipterocarp forest = -163t/ha
peatswamp = -1450t/ha
(Danielson 2008)
air quality Indonesia from fire
100,000 deaths 2015
Biofuels - how long does it take to recoup emitted carbon
dry dipterocarp = 90 years
peatswamp = 600 years
what is functional diversity
range and abundance of functional roles
- concurrent changes in functional traits
- each species plotted into computerised functional trait space
what is functional richness
volume of functional trait space occupied by set of species
high FRic means
high ecosystem functioning
efficient resource use
improved ecosystem services
birds FRic
sampled with point counts
insect predators, seed dispersal
>90% decline in palm oil areas
dun beetles FRic
pitfall traps
nutrient recycling, pest suppression
>98% decline
Functional trait matrix
collect range of traits for each species
shift of traits for birds
less bark gleaning, arrival of water related species
shift of traits for dung beetles
absence of rollers, less diet generalist species, more smaller species
Koh (2009)
natural habitat features promoted within agriculture
