Lecture 2 - Life cycles/tables/conservation

Question 1

Nx

Answer 1

no. idvs at each life stage

count survivors at end of each breeding season

Question 2

Ix

Answer 2

survival to age x

age x / age 0

Question 3

Sx

Answer 3

age specific survival
how many at stage x +1 survive relative to previous
no. x + 1 / no. x

Question 4

Mx

Answer 4

no. female babies / reproductive females (per capita)

measured from field

Question 5

Ro

Answer 5

net reproductive rate

average no. babies produced over female lifetime

Question 6

how to calculate Ro

Answer 6

Σ(Ix*Mx)
<1 female pop decreasing
>1 increasing
=1 stable

Question 7

Ro disease

Answer 7

average number of new infections from one sick person
- super spreader = lots of contact
- super shedder = produces lots of infections
increasing Ro - more contagious
e.g. hepatitis-ebola-mumps-measles

Question 8

generation time

Answer 8

average time between birth of indvs and birth of their offspring
- age at which members expected to reproduce

Question 9

calculate generation time

Answer 9

Σ (xlxmx)/R0

Question 10

trade offs

Answer 10

invest survival or reproduction - allocation of resources

- increase pop = increased survival/reproduction, decreased generation time

Question 11

reproductive mortality

Answer 11

higher than non-reproductive

cumulative effect at old age

Question 12

red deer mortality

Answer 12

higher winter mortality after reproductive episodes

high mortality = high fecundity

Question 13

current vs future reproduction

Answer 13

removing eggs = increased clutch size next year

adding = smaller next year

Question 14

quantity vs quality

Answer 14

fewer = healthier, heavier
more = lighter, less survival