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253 - anatomy > lecture 13: vertebrae > Flashcards

lecture 13: vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 elements of the axial skeleton

A

SKULL
• VERTEBRAE
• THORAX (Ribs / Sternum)

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2
Q

what are the 5 vertrbrae and their numbers

A 
CERVICAL (7)
THORACIC (12)
LUMBAR (5)
SACRAL (5) – Sacrum
COCCYGEAL (4) –Coccyx
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3
Q

how many vertebrae do we have

A

33

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4
Q

how many vertbebral BONES do we have

A

26 bones

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5
Q

true or false: coccyx and sacral are fused together (by a joint)

A

true

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6
Q

how many vertebral disks do we have

A

(24

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7
Q

where is the first vertebral disk located ? and what are they made of

A
  • First between C2 and C3

* Fibrocartilage

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8
Q

why is there no disk between C1 and c2

A

becuse of the added process (DENS), there is no space for disk b/w c1 and c2

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9
Q

where is the last vertbaral disk located?

A

between L5 and s1

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10
Q

kyphotic curves are also known as

A

primary curves

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11
Q

lordotic curves are also known as

A

secondary curves

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12
Q

be able to label the 4 curves of tge vertabra

A

.

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13
Q

what are the 5 vertebral curvatures

A 
newborn kyphosis
Head extension – Cervical Lordosis
Thoracic curve remains
Becoming upright – Lumbar Lordosis
Sacral and Coccygeal curves – fused
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14
Q

when you are born, what is the vertebral curvature

A

kyphotic curve

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15
Q

what happens when a baby starts to do head extension

A

cervical lordosis

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16
Q

why does the thoracic curve remain the sasme

A

since its already in kyphotic position form being born

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17
Q

what curve does becoming upright when young cause

A

lumbar lordosis

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18
Q

what are the 3 kyphotic curves

A

thoracic, sacral, coccygeal

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19
Q

what are the 2 lordotic curves

A

cervical and lumbar

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20
Q

what are the fundemental development positions

A 
Supine
Prone
Rolling
•Quadruped
 Crawling
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21
Q

what are the transitional postitions in development

A

Sitting
• Kneeling
• Squatting

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22
Q

what are the functional development positions

A

Vertical stance

gait

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23
Q

waht are the 3 ATYPICAL

POSTURAL CONDITIONS

A

kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis

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24
Q

be able to identify kyphosis, lordossis and scoliosis

A

kd

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25
Q

what is kyphosis

A

exageration of the kyphotic spine (mostly in thoracic spine)= really rounded

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26
Q

what is lordosis

A

can happen in cervical and lumbar

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27
Q

what are the 2 ways you can get scoliosis and how do they come about

A

functional: compensation
structural: born with bad structure

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28
Q

True or false:

There is more cases of functional scoliosis over structural scoliosis

A

true

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29
Q

True or false: C1 has a body

A

false

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30
Q

what is the weight bearing portion of the vertebra

A

body/centrum

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31
Q

what is the vertebral foramen

A

the large hole through the center

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32
Q

what surrounds the vertebral foramen and what is it composed of

A

VERTEBRAL ARCH

composed of pedicles and laminae)

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33
Q

What are the pedicles and what do thye connect

A

pedicle: anterior junctions

connects body to transverse process

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34
Q

what are lamina and what do they conenct

A

laminae posterior junctions

. links transverse to the spinous

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35
Q

true or false : spinour processess come out from the sides and transverse proceesses come out from the tope

A

false
SPINOUS IS FROM THE TOP
TRANSVERSE IS FROM THE SIDE

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36
Q

HOW MANY superior articular processes are there? how many infereior articular processess?

A

2 and 2

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37
Q

what does the intervertebral foramen hold

A

holds the spinal nerves

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38
Q

be able to label the characteritcs on a verterbra

A

l,m

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39
Q

what are the intervertebral disks mostly made of?

A

water

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40
Q

what happens to the intervertebral disks in weight bearing situations

A

gets compressed

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41
Q

which vertebrae’s spinous processes are usually bifid

A

c2-c6

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42
Q

true or false: transverse formamina applies to all vertebra

A

false, only to cervical

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43
Q

why do we have transverse foramina

A

to hold the vertebral artery

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44
Q

which is the most prominent cervical vertebra

A

c7

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45
Q

what is another name for c1

A

atlas

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46
Q

what does c1 have instead of a body

A

2 lateral masses

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47
Q

what motion is the c1 vertabra responsible for>

A

“yes motion” and side bendin

=condulloid joint

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48
Q

be able to indenty a cervical vertabra and label it

A

l

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49
Q

what do the 2 Superior Articular Facets on the c1 vetibra articulate with

A

Occipital

Condyles

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50
Q

true or false: there is an aticulation facet for the dens on c1

A

true

51
Q

what is another name for c2

A

axis

52
Q

true or false: C1 has the dens

A

false c2 has the dens

53
Q

what is another name for the dens

A

odontoid process

54
Q

what movement is the c2 responsible for

A

“no “

pivot motions

55
Q

what is the ligament of c2

A

Transverse Atlantal Ligament

56
Q

be able to identify and label a c2

A

.

57
Q

what can whiplash cause

A

huge risk of transverse ligament being disuped and the dens can damage spnal cord

58
Q
A
59
Q

True or false: the thoracic vertabrea articulate with the occiput

A

false, they articulate with the ribs

60
Q

What do the demi-facets on the bodies of thoracic articulate with

A

• Articulate with ribs (head)

61
Q

what do the Facets on transverse processes articulate with

A

• Articulate with ribs (tubercle)

62
Q

what plane are the two facets of the thoracic located in

A

coronal

63
Q

where does rotation and side bending occur at thoracic vertebra

A

at facet joints

64
Q

be able to label a thoracic vertabea

A

.

65
Q

look at slide for thoracic vertabra articulating with ribs

A

.

66
Q

what plane are the facet joints in the lumbar vertrba

A

saggital plane

67
Q

what movmeents are lumbar vertabra responsible for

A

flexion, extension

68
Q

be able to identity and label lumbar vertebra

A
69
Q

true or false: sacrum is 4 fused vertebrae

A

false, it is 5 fused

70
Q

be able to label a sacrum

A

.

71
Q

is the medical sacral crest seen posterior or anterior

A

posterior

72
Q

what was the median sacral crest orginally

A

fused spinous processess

73
Q

where do the sacral nerves exit?

A

sacral forament

74
Q

what was the wings of the sacrum originally

A

fusion of transverse processess

75
Q

where is the sacal promontory>

A

Ridge of the anterior body (superior)

76
Q

what is the sacral canal

A

the continouation of the vertabral canal

77
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

L1/L2

78
Q

where is the sacral hitatus located

A

S5 (end point of the canal)

79
Q

where does the pelvis (illium bones) attach

A

the auricular (articular) surface

80
Q

is the coccyx 4 or 5 bones

A

4

81
Q

what type of joint is the sacroilliac joint

A

diartthrosis synovial gliding

82
Q

what is the sacroilliac joint formed by

A

the illium and sacrum

83
Q

what is the sacroilliac joint responsible for

A

Transfer of dynamics between the torso/pelvis and the

pelvis / lower extremity

84
Q

what are the 4 ligaments associated to the sacroilliact joint

A

1) interosseaous sacral ligament
2) illiolumbar ligament
3) sacrotuberous
4) sacrospinous

85
Q

what are the 2 subtypes of interosseaous sacroilliac ligaments

A

ventral interosseous ligrament

dorsal interosseous ligament

86
Q

where do you find the illilumba ligament

A

L4 and L5

87
Q

where is the sacrotuberous ligament

A

ishial tuberocitty

88
Q

where is the sacrospinous ligament

A

ischial spine

89
Q

be able to identiy sacroilliac ligaments

A

.

90
Q

true or false: we have the same amount of water content in our intervertebral disks for our entire life

A

false

Water content is high at birth and loss of water as aging processess

91
Q

our height stays constant daily?

A

False, it decreases

92
Q

how is regular height resumed

A

through nightly osmosis

93
Q

what is the general name for permanent thinning of the disk

A

spondylosis

94
Q

what can disc compression cause (genral answer)

A

possible herniation

95
Q

disk allows BLANK in the spine

A

MOVEMENT

96
Q

what is the function of the annulus fibrosis

A

binds the vertebral bodies together and provides stability

97
Q

what are the 2 types of fibers in the annulus fibrosis

A

spiral and oblique

98
Q

true or false: the annulus fibrosis permits motion between the vertebral bodies

A

true

99
Q

what structure retains the nucleus pulposus

A

the annulus fibrpsis

100
Q

true or false: ONLY the nucleous polpusus acts as a shock absorbing mechanism?

A

false:

annulus fibrosis also acts as a shock absorpting

101
Q

what are the 2 functions of the nucleus pulposis

A

equalize stress

important in exchange of fluid between the disk and the capillaires in verttebra

102
Q

where does The axis of movement between two adjacent vertebrae
runs vertically through

A

nucleus pulposus

103
Q

be able to locate the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

A

.

104
Q

what is a herniated disk

A

normally, the nucleous pulposus is contained within the annulus fibbrosis but in a herniated disk it is not contains

105
Q

what are the different disc problems (spondylosis)

A 
Degenerated disk 
Bulging disk
Herniated disk 
thinning disk 
disk degenation with ostephyte formation
106
Q

what is spondylothesis

A

fracture of vertaabra causeing disk slipping

107
Q

what are the ligaments of the verterbal column (7)

A

1) anterior longitudinal ligament
2) posterior longitudinal ligament
3) ligament flavum
4) supraspinous ligament
5) ligamentum nucahe
6) intertransverse ligament

108
Q

where do you find the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

A

foiund on either side of the body of the vertebra

109
Q

where do you find the ligamemtum flavum

A

lamina to lamina

110
Q

Where do you find the interspinous ligaments and what does it limit

A

inbetween spinous processess and limits flexion

111
Q

where do you find the supraspinous ligament

A

(on top of spinous processess)

112
Q

where do you find the ligamemtum nuchae

A

base of the occiput to c7

113
Q

what fills the lordocitic curve

A

the ligamemtum nuchae

114
Q

where is the intertransverse ligaament

A

in between transverse processess

115
Q

what does the intertraansverse ligament limit

A

side bending

116
Q

where is the vertebra prominens

A

c7

117
Q

where is the superior angle of the scapula

A

t2

118
Q

where is the medial border of the scaoular spine

A

t3

119
Q

where is the inferior angle of the scapula

A

t7

120
Q

where is the imaginary line across both illiac crests

A

L4/L5

121
Q

where is the line across posterior superior illiac spine

A

S2

122
Q

where is the triangle of auscultation

A

medial to the inferior angle of the scpapula

123
Q

where do you find the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

A

foiund on either side of the body of the vertebra

253 - anatomy (14 decks)

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