Lecture 14 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are Cliques?
Small groups held together by self-defined set of norms and taboos.
What is the pupose of Cliques?
Often deliberately seek to exclude others or to set strict
conditions of membership.
What is Subculture?
- A distinct cultural unit of its own, with values, norms, and
defined roles. - Different from the mainstream, but not in active opposition to it.
What is Manifest function?
Obvious role of education, training, preparation for the
job market.
What is Latent function?
Hidden role of socialisation, teaching us key social values, learning to interact.
What is Hidden
Curriculum?
The surreptitious way in which children are taught to
expect a certain place in society.
Where is Hidden
Curriculum seen?
Seen in gendered classes (e.g. ‘cooking’ for girls), or in
careers people are prepared for.
What is Identity
Crisis?
Erikson’s term for the challenge faced in adolescence of
reconciling your own sense of self and ability, the expectations of others, and your position in society, so as to create a stable identity or ego.
Total Institution
- Foucault’s term for a social institution that we spend our
entire time in, morning and night. - it has complete control over every aspect of life.
What is Formal Education?
- Education in recognised and accredited schools.
- Highly-institutionalised.
What is Informal Education?
- How we learn for ourselves outside
of institutions. - Less organised/controlled
What is a Meritocracy?
Social rank should depend on your ability, not on your
birth or wealth.
What does Meritocracy do?
By ensuring educational opportunities are open to all,
those with greatest talent will have chance to rise to top.
What is Credentialism?
Addition of qualification requirement to take a
job, e.g. degree, medical school.
What jobs need Credentialism?
Growing numbers of jobs have such requirements
– including doctor, truck driver, acupuncturist.
What is a Trophy Child?
Treating one’s child as a status symbol; valuing a child by its educational or sporting achievements alone.
What is Capital?
A resource you can ‘invest’ in order to acquire more of it; something you use to increase your overall wealth, not just for pleasure.
What is social, economic, and cultural Capital?
Social- The people you know; your connections in society.
Economic- Means of production, money etc.
Cultural- Knowledge of culture and more concrete signs of your education
What are examples of social, economic, and cultural Capital?
Social- Your friend whose mother works for a top law firm and can arrange an internship for you.
Economic- Factories, company shares
Cultural- Degree from a ‘good’ university; ability to chat about art.
What is Desegregation?
Attempt to ensure mixed-ethnicity schools by e.g.
bussing students in.
What does Desegregation combat?
Combats inequalities of opportunity.
What is Streaming?
Practice of sorting children into classes or schools by
educational achievement at young age.
What were traditionally the Liberal arts?
Traditionally, the education required to be a ‘free’ citizen, able to take a full part in civic/political life, and capable of informed, rational debate.
What are the liberal arts defined in opposition to?
Defined in opposition to ‘practical’ arts (e.g. carpentry, farming), which were ‘not free’ because they are necessary for preservation
of the body. Liberal arts are beyond what is merely necessary.
