Lecture 14-15 Requirements for Growth Flashcards
(37 cards)
Six macronutrient elements required for growth
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfure (CHNOPS)
Mineral ions needed for growth
potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and chlorine
Heterotrophs
other-feeding
What heterotrophs use to supply carbon
organics (ex. carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids)
What heterotrophs use to supply energy
the carbon source
Autotrophs
self-feeding
What autotrophs use to supply carbon
inorganic CO2
What chemoautotrophs use to supply energy
inorganic chemicals (ex. ammonia, nitrite, iron, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen)
What phototrophs use to supply energy
light as an energy source
Nitrogen is required for
proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen can be acquired from
amino acids, NH4+, NO3-, and N2-fixation
Sulfur is required for
S-amino acids and vitamins
Sulfur can be acquired from
sulfate or organic sources
Phosphorus is required for
nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, and proteins
Phosphorus can be acquired from
inorganic phosphate
Why are trace elements needed
serve structural/catalytic roles in specific enzymes
What are the three general growth factors
amino acids, purines/pyrimidines, and vitamins
Obligate aerobe
requires oxygen to survive
obligate anaerobe
will not survive in oxygen
faculative
prefer oxygen but oxygen is not needed
microaerophile
requires less oxygen than atmospheric levels of O2
aerotolerant anaerobe
tolerant to oxygen but will not thrive in oxygen
What happens at too high of a temperature
protein denaturation and lysis
What happens at too low of a temperature
processes are so slow that growth cannot occur
