Lecture 21 Microbial Metabolism Basics

Question 1

Metabolic diversity

Answer 1

the ability for microbes to utalize various sources

Question 2

Chemotrophophy

Answer 2

the use of chemicals as energy sources

Question 3

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 3

use organic chemicals (glucose) as energy

Question 4

Chemolithotrophs

Answer 4

use inorganic chemicals as energy

Question 5

Oxidative

Answer 5

catabolic reactions that transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP (breakdown)

Question 6

Reductive

Answer 6

anabolic reactions that transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules (build)

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

the degradation of lipids, proteins, etc to a small number of intermediates

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

the synthesis of biopolymers from the same number of intermediates

Question 9

Gain of electrons

Answer 9

reduction

Question 10

Loss of electrons

Answer 10

oxidation

Question 11

NAD+ is ____ to NADH + H+

Answer 11

reduced

Question 12

Three mechanisms for ATP production

Answer 12

substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation

Question 13

ADP

Answer 13

adenosine diphosphate

Question 14

Basic mechanism for ATP production

Answer 14

Adenosine-P-P + Energy + P –> Adenosine-P-P-P

Question 15

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 15

occur when a “high-energy” phosphate containing molecule transfers a phosphate to ADP in a enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to form ATP

Question 16

Simplest method of ATP production

Answer 16

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 17

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 17

energy released from transfer of electrons of one compound to another is used to generate ATP in the ETC

Question 18

Two ways in which microbes can breakdown glucose to release energy

Answer 18

cellular respiration or fermentation

Question 19

Steps of cellular respiration

Answer 19

1. glycolysis
2. krebs cycle
3. electron transport chain

Question 20

Steps of fermentation

Answer 20

1. glycolysis
2. fermentative pathways

Question 21

Glycolysis

Answer 21

the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid to produce ATP and NADH

Question 22

Preparatory stage of glycolysis

Answer 22

2 ATP are used to split glucose to form two 3 carbon molecules

Question 23

Energy-conserving stage of glycolysis

Answer 23

2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidized to two pyruvic acid to produce 4 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 24

What does glycolysis use to generate ATP?

Answer 24

substrate level phosphorylation