Lecture 14

Question 1

nAchR

Answer 1

Nicotine Acetyl choline receptor

Question 2

What do these proteins have to function as first?

Answer 2

A receptor before a channel

Question 3

What is a terminal axon?

Answer 3

Most distal part of pre-synaptic cell

Question 4

What is the inhibitor Curare?

Answer 4

Plant alkaloid - found in South America.. poison arrows

Partially blocks receptor site.

Question 5

What is the inhibitor Alpha Bungarotoxin?

Answer 5

Venom from the Southeast Asian banded Krait

High affinity for AchRs (stronger affinity, binds stronger)

95 Amino Acid Sequence

Irreversible Binding

Question 6

What is a Motor Unit?

Answer 6

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres it plugs into

Question 7

What is a single motor apha neuron

Answer 7

No muscle fibres

Question 8

Is an inhibitory neuron active?

Answer 8

Yes. Always active - just releases different neurotransmitter.

Question 9

What is an inward current?

Answer 9

Sodium rushing into the cell.

Question 10

Where is the cell body?

Answer 10

In the grey matter of the ventral root.

Question 11

What is the predominant form of neurons operating?

Answer 11

Inhibitory neurons - control

Question 12

Where is the Alpha Motor Neuron located?

Answer 12

Cell Body (ventral root) of spinal cord

Question 13

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 13

Glutamate

Question 14

Where does Glutamate come from?

Answer 14

Upper motor neurons, sensory neurons via Interneurons (cell body confined in grey matter)

Question 15

What is a primary reflex?

Answer 15

Don’t need the neural impulse to hit the interneuron first

Question 16

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 16

Glycine and GABA via spinal cord interneurons

Question 17

What is the purpose of endocytosis?

Answer 17

Obtain cell nutrients, absorb/digest pathogens and cell debris (broken cells)

Question 18

Where is Pinocytosis seen?

Answer 18

In neuromuscular junction.

Question 19

How many AcH sites are there on the primary synaptic cleft

Answer 19

20,000 binding sites per micrometer squared

Question 20

How many subunits in the nAchR

Answer 20

5 protein sub-unit

Question 21

How many Ach are required per receptor?

Answer 21

2 Ach Are required per receptor.

Question 22

What is the Alpha Bunagrotoxin?

Answer 22

Venom from a snake, it is an NachR inhibitor, it has a strong affinity for nAchR’s

Question 23

Where is the single a-motor neuron located?

Answer 23

In the grey matter of the ventral root.

Question 24

What is an inward current representing?

Answer 24

Sodium flooding into the cell

Question 25

What might you need in order for an action potential to be reached?

Answer 25

Need two excitatory neurotransmitters working at the same time.

Question 26

What would an inhibitory neurotransmitter do?

Answer 26

Put it below the resting potential (hyper polarization)

Question 27

What do excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters do?

Answer 27

They work together to put on gas and breaks of an action potential (very controlled)

Question 28

Where is an alpha motor neuron located?

Answer 28

In the spinal cord, particularly in the your cell body (grey matter)

Question 29

Where does your excitatory post-synaptic potential come from?

Answer 29

Excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate)

Question 30

Where does Glutamate (or excitatory neurotransmitters) come from?

Answer 30

Upper motor neurons, sensory neurons.

Question 31

How do you get from you sensory neurons to your motor neurons

Answer 31

Via the interneuron

Question 32

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 32

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.

Question 33

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 33

Glycine and GABA

Question 34

Where do inhibitory neurotransmitters come from?

Answer 34

Spinal Cord Interneurons

Question 35

How do cells transport?

Answer 35

Via vesicles budding or by the cytoplasm pinching the cell and is being recycled back into the pre-synaptic membrane

Question 36

What is the purpose of endocytosis?

Answer 36

Endocytosis is the movement of out to in. Obtain cell nutrients, absorb/digest pathogens and cell debris

Question 37

What is Pinocytosis?

Answer 37

A process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules.

Question 38

Where is Pinocytosis seen?

Answer 38

In the neuromuscular junction

Question 39

What does pinocytosis form?

Answer 39

A endoscope

Question 40

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 40

Process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles.

Question 41

What does Phagocytosis form?

Answer 41

Large endoscope called phagocytes

Question 42

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 42

Endosomes are formed Involves particle recognition and membrane protein receptors It concentrates particles to endocytic region of the membrane

Question 43

What is Clathrin?

Answer 43

A protein concentrated over endocytosis region of the membrane.

Question 44

What are endoscopes?

Answer 44

Are primarily intracellular sorting organelles. They regulate trafficking of proteins and lipids among other subcellular compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathway, specifically the plasma membrane Golgi, trans-Golgi network (TGN), and vacuoles/lysosomes.

Question 45

What does Clathrin form?

Answer 45

A clathrin coat

Question 46

What does Cathrin facilitate?

Answer 46

The capture of extracellular particles.

Question 47

What is Clathrin attached by?

Answer 47

Adaptic protein complexes - AP1) and AP2

Question 48

What are characteristics of the clathrin structure?

Answer 48

3 legs (proximal, distal and N-terminus) with 1 heavy chain and 1 light chain per leg.