Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the modes of communication of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

• Bioelectric Energy (attraction of opposite charges - pos and neg) that is generated at the cellular level
• Action Potentials

Question 2

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 3

All the nerves that are an extension of the CNS

Question 4

What does efferent mean?

Answer 4

Communication away from CNS

Question 5

What does afferent mean?

Answer 5

Communication towards CNS

Question 6

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 6

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 7

What is the division of the Autonomic PNS?

Answer 7

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 8

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 8

Voluntary control (i.e, moving arm)

Question 9

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

Done without thinking about it (breathing, heart rate, etc)

Question 10

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

Carries signals regarding to the body’s “flight or fight” response (i.e, increased heart rate under mental stress)

Question 11

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

Returns the body back to its normal state (relaxes body after periods of stress)

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

Lobes named after cranial bones

Question 13

Gyri

Answer 13

“Bumps” along the surface of the brain

Question 14

Sulci

Answer 14

Small grooves between gyri

Question 15

Fissures

Answer 15

Deep groves between gyri

Question 16

What does the activation of neurons do?

Answer 16

Generate action potentials

Question 17

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 17

• Short- term memory
• Planning and control of movement

Question 18

What is the central sulcus responsible for?

Answer 18

Separates pre-central and post-central Cyrus

Question 19

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 19

Somatic sensation - conscious level awareness (i.e, feeling your hand tapping the desk)

Question 20

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 20

Vision (how we integrate and interpret wavelengths)

Question 21

What is your temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 21

• hearing and learning, memory and emotion.

Question 22

Where are nerve roots found?

Answer 22

In your spinal cord

Question 23

Ventral Roots

Answer 23

Send information out of spinal cord

Question 24

Dorsal Roots

Answer 24

Send information in

Question 25

Cervical Nerve Plexus

Answer 25

Neck and Shoulders

Question 26

Brachial Nerve Plexus

Answer 26

Arm and Upper Back

Question 27

Lumbosacral Plexus

Answer 27

Abdomen, legs, pelvis

Question 28

What does the diencephalon consist of?

Answer 28

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 29

What does the brain stem consist of?

Answer 29

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 30

Characteristics of the spinal cord

Answer 30

- Cervical, thoracic, lumber, sacral - Relay between brain and body - Handles functions without the brain (i.e, reflexes)

Question 31

Characteristics of the cerebellum

Answer 31

- Contains several major tracts (peduncles) - Learning of motor skills, fast responsive movements

Question 32

What are the characteristics of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 32

- Digestion, breathing rate, heart rate

Question 33

What are the characteristics of pons?

Answer 33

- Conveys information about movement from cerebrum to cerebellum via bio electro signalling - Regulates functions of medulla oblongata (i.e, breathing)

Question 34

What are the characteristics of the midbrain?

Answer 34

Regulates eye movements, visual and auditory reflexes.

Question 35

What are the characteristics of the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 35

Thalamus - processes sensory information to the cerebral cortex (i.e. proprioception: conscious perception of body movement) Hypothalamus - autonomic, endocrine , visual functions

Question 36

What are the characteristics of the cerebrum?

Answer 36

Contains the two hemispheres (right and left) Cerebral Cortex: wrinkled texture, surface layer.

Question 37

What are the characteristics of the basal ganglia?

Answer 37

regulates motor performance (Parkinsons and Huntingtons)

Question 38

What are the characteristics of the hippocampus?

Answer 38

Memory storage

Question 39

What are the characteristics of the amygdaloid nuclei?

Answer 39

Coordinates autonomic and endocrine signals into emotional responses.

Question 40

Number of neurons in the brain

Answer 40

10 to the 11

Question 41

What are some examples of neurons?

Answer 41

- a motor neurons - y motor neurons - cutaneous sensory neurons - pyramidal neurons

Question 42

What are the 3 main components and function of the neuron?

Answer 42

- Cell Body (soma).. metabolic centre of neuron; where nucleus lies: DNA to start protein production - Dendrites: receives incoming signals from other neurons - Axon: conveys information to other neurons and cells dendrites and axons.

Question 43

What is the nucleus responsible for?

Answer 43

Protein synthesis

Question 44

What lies between two neurons?

Answer 44

Synaptic connection

Question 45

What is part of the trigger zone?

Answer 45

Axon Hillock and Initial Segment

Question 46

What is significant about the trigger zone?

Answer 46

- Location of action potential initiation