Lecture 14

Question 1

what is urbanization and describe 2008

Answer 1

urbanization - population shift from rural to urban areas

2008 = announced that majority of world population now lives in urban areas

Question 2

when did earliest urbanization develop

Answer 2

first agricultural revolution

Question 3

where was the first region of independent urbanism

Answer 3

3500 BCE
fertile crescent mesopotamia & nile valley

Question 4

mesopotamia fostered a growth of which 2 rival city states

Answer 4

Ur & Erbil (present day Iraq)

Question 5

original middle eastern urban hearth produced successive generations of urbanized world empires - give 2 examples

Answer 5

Greece & Rome

Question 6

describe 3 explanations for transition from subsistence agriculture to city based world empires

Answer 6

• availability of an agricultural surplus (can have specialized non labour workers)
• pressure & population growth
• changes in social organization (groups able to impose taxes, have power were a stimulus for urban development but used it to show wealth)

Question 7

population decline in Roman Empire in 2nd century CE led to ….. and allowed what

Answer 7

• labour shortages
• depopulation

allowed infiltration of barbarian tribes (Dark Ages)

Question 8

describe roots of european urban expansion (3)

Answer 8

• in Dark Aged gave rise to feudalism ( let land be farmed in return for rent/taxes/military services)
• nobility made higher taxes = extensive money economy involving lots of trade and travelling for trade
  *towns began to increase and merchant capitalism !

Question 9

most common criteria for defining an urban area

Answer 9

population size

Question 10

in canada describe the term urban

Answer 10

all areas that are inside of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomeration (CAs)

Question 11

what is a census agglomeration (CA)

Answer 11

formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centered on a population center (core)

• must have a core population of at least 10,000

Question 12

what is a census metropolitan area (CMA)

Answer 12

one or more adjacent municipalities centered on a population center (core)

• must have a total population of at least 100,000 and 50,000 must live in the core

Question 13

cities

Answer 13

settlements of a least 50,000 inhabitants in a high density cluster of grid cells (1,500 per sq km)

Question 14

towns

Answer 14

urban cluster with at least 5,000 inhabitants in moderate density grid cells (300 per sq km)

Question 15

rural areas

Answer 15

grid cells with a density of less then 300 inhabitants per sq km or high density cells that do not belong to a city or town

Question 16

urban system

Answer 16

any interdependent set of urban settlements within a given region

Question 17

4 key aspects of change associated with urbanization

Answer 17

• urban systems
• urban form
• urban ecology
• urbanism

Question 18

urban form

Answer 18

the physical structure & organization of cities in their land use, layout and built environment
* as cities grow redevelopment occurs

Question 19

urban ecology

Answer 19

how living organisms interact with each other and their urban environment

Question 20

urbanism

Answer 20

describes the way of life fostered by urban settings
* number, variety of people results in distinctive attitudes and values

Question 21

4 fundamental aspects of the role of towns & cities in human economic & social organization

Answer 21

• the mobilizing function of urban settlements (entrepreneurs can get things done)
• the decision making capacity of urban settlements
• the generative functions of urban settlements ( generation of knowledge, info)
• the transformative capacity of urban settlements (allows people to participate in a variety of lifestyles and behaviours)