Lecture 14 - Appetite Regulation

Question 1

What is a calorie

Answer 1

Unit of energy required to heat 1kg? of water by 1 degree

Question 2

What is the CICO model

Answer 2

Calories In, Calories Out

Question 3

What is energy intake directly proportional to

Answer 3

Energy storage

Question 4

How do we know that the CICO model works

Answer 4

Body mass can usually remain a similar range

Question 5

What is the only long term energy storage

Answer 5

Adipose tissue - fat

Question 6

What are the uses of adipose tissue

Answer 6

Endocrine gland - adipokines
Thermal insulation
Organ protection
Long term energy store
Vitamin absorption
Buoyancy
brown adipose tissue generates its own heat
transport
Structure of cells (and waterproofing)
Energy Storage - fuel
immune function
Steroid hormones
Aesthetics

Question 7

What is a nutrient

Answer 7

Essential components to sustain life

Question 8

What does exogenous mean

Answer 8

Anything external

Question 9

What does Endogenous mean

Answer 9

Internal components eg. glycogen

Question 10

What is a macronutrient

Answer 10

Anything you can get calories from

Question 11

What are the main macronutrients

Answer 11

Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates

Question 12

What is RMR

Answer 12

Resting Metabolic Rate

Question 13

What id DIT

Answer 13

Diet Induced Thermogenesis (8-10% of food calories)

Question 14

What is SDA

Answer 14

Specific Dynamic action

Question 15

What is PAEE

Answer 15

Physical Activity Energy Expenditure

Question 16

What does AT stand for

Answer 16

Adaptive thermogenesis - maintenance of Homeostasis - leads to a reduction of RMR and PAEE

Question 17

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

Making carbohydrates from non-carbohydrate precursors

Question 18

What is denovolipogenesis

Answer 18

Making fat from non-lipid precursors

Question 19

What is Gastric distension

Answer 19

Extends as food enters, can affect appetite

Question 20

What is Ghrelin

Answer 20

hunger hormone - gut hormone originating mostly from the stomach

Question 21

What does orexigenic mean

Answer 21

Makes you hungrier

Question 22

What is anorexigenic

Answer 22

makes you feel full

Question 23

What are the components to making Gherkin increase

Answer 23

Glucagon/noradrenaline
Contrasting with insulin

Question 24

what are the 2 forms of ghrelin

Answer 24

Acylated and Deacylated

Question 25

What is an episodic response

Answer 25

Does job then goes away

Question 26

What is a tonic response

Answer 26

Longer term response

Question 27

What is the trend of obesity and deacylated ghrelin

Answer 27

less deacylated if you are fatter

Question 28

papers

Answer 28

Druce et al 205 IJO Chowdhury et al 2015 BJN (Bath breakfast project) Blundell 2010 nature reviews endocrinology Brown et al AJCN

Question 29

What ae the hormones produced in the pancreas

Answer 29

Pancreatic Polypeptide Amylin Insulin

Question 30

What is the main hormone released by the Duodenum and jejunum

Answer 30

Cholecystokinin (CCK) - Rapid response to food - Limits feeding rate

Question 31

What are the hormones involved in large/small intestine

Answer 31

Peptide tyrosine/tyrosine (PYY) - Delayed response (15 min -2hrs PP) Oxyntomodulin - READ OREXIN - READ GLP-1 - Semaglutide imitates it

Question 32

How many kcal per gram for fat

Answer 32

9

Question 33

How many kcal per gram for CHO

Answer 33

4

Question 34

How many kcal per gram for protein

Answer 34

5.6

Question 35

How many kcal per gram of alcohol

Answer 35

7

Question 36

What is the biggest endocrine organ

Answer 36

Adipose tissue

Question 37

Research gravitostat hypothesis

Question 38

What are the key hormones in Adipose tissue

Answer 38

Adiponectin - good guy Physically active will be higher, positive affects Leptin - tries to keep you thinner, Positively correlated with adiposity, Delayed/Tonic response

Question 39

Presentation

Answer 39

https://prezi.com/view/WYDjcueWCqSlSbrtsmyA/