Lecture 15

Question 1

Focal damage to the cerebral cortex causes?

Answer 1

Aphasia

Question 2

What are some of the common causes of occlusive strokes? (blocking blood flow through an artery)

Answer 2

• arteriosclerosis (thickening or hardening of the arterial wall)
• thrombus (accumalation of blood platelets on the arterial wall)
• embloism (blockage of an artery by an arterial embolus)

Question 3

What are some of the common causes of hemorrhage strokes? (rupture of a vessel in the brain)

Answer 3

• aneurysm (dilated blood vessel)

- arteriovenous malformation (AVM- an abnormal connection between veins and arteries)

Question 4

Lesions in the frontal operculum extending to subcortical white matter and adjacent cortical regions of the frontal lobe lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 4

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 5

Lesions in the posterior superior temporal gyrus including wernicke’s area and damage to the supramearginal and angular gyrus are also seen in individuals with what kind of aphasia?

Answer 5

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 6

Lesions in the arcuate fasciculus, supra marginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex and posterior superior temporal gyrus lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 6

Conduction Aphasia

Question 7

Lesions involving most of the perisylvian language zone lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 7

Global Aphasia

Question 8

Lesions just outside or at the border of the perisylvian language zones and distribution of the middle cerebral artery lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 8

Transcortical Aphasia

Question 9

Lesions in the angular gyrus lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 9

Anomic Aphasia

Question 10

Isolated lesions in the thalamic and basal ganglia regions can lead to what kind of aphasia?

Answer 10

Subcortical aphasia, but it is uncommon

Question 11

Aphasia can occasionally be due to lesions in the ________ or the ______ ______.

Answer 11

Thalamus or the Basal Ganglia

Question 12

Alexia without agraphia comes from a _____ stroke involving the left dominant occipital lobe and splenium.

Answer 12

PCA (Posterior Cerebral Artery)

Question 13

Alexia with agraphia is due to lesions in the dominant inferior _______ lobe, usually involving the angular gyrus.

Answer 13

Parietal

Question 14

Right hemisphere communication impairments appear to be _________ to damage to regions of the right hemisphere responsbile for other cognitive functions, such as attention.

Answer 14

secondary

Question 15

What kind of damage leads to dementia?

Answer 15

Cortical or subcortical damage

Question 16

What are the 3 types of primary progressive aphasia?

Answer 16

• Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia
• Semantic Dementia
• Logopenic Dementia

Question 17

Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia’s location of degeneration

Answer 17

Left posterior fronto-insular region

Question 18

Semantic Dementia’s location of degeneration

Answer 18

anterior temporal lobes, predominantly on the left

Question 19

Logopenic aphasia’s location of degeneration

Answer 19

left temporo-parietal junction area

Question 20

NFPA is a ________ aphasia, like Broca’s aphasia.

Answer 20

nonfluent

Question 21

SD is a ______ aphasia characterized by a loss of semantic memory.

Answer 21

Fluent

Question 22

LPA is between NFPA and SD in fluency and is characterized by a _______ in short term _________ memory.

Answer 22

reduction; phonological