Lecture 15 : Topographical Anatomy of Urinary System

Question 1

Peritoneum function

Answer 1

Question 2

Kidney diagram labelled

Answer 2

🔹 Renal Cortex
Contains glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
Site of filtration and initial urine formation.

🔹 Pyramid in Renal Medulla
Contains loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
Involved in concentration of urine.

🔹 Renal Column
Extensions of cortical tissue between renal pyramids.
Contains blood vessels; provides structural support.

🔹 Renal Papilla
Tip of the pyramid.
Drains urine into the minor calyx.

🔹 Minor Calyx
Collects urine from a single papilla.
Channels urine to major calyx.

🔹 Major Calyx
Formed by merging minor calyces.
Drains urine into the renal pelvis.

🔹 Renal Pelvis
Collects urine from major calyces and passes it to the ureter.

🔹 Ureter
Muscular tube.
Transports urine from renal pelvis to bladder.

🔹 Renal Sinus
Cavity that contains the renal pelvis, calyces, vessels, and fat.
Structural housing for renal components.

🔹 Renal Artery
Supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney from the abdominal aorta.

🔹 Renal Vein
Drains deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava.

🔹 Hilum of Kidney
Entry/exit site for renal artery, vein, nerves, and ureter.

Question 3

Nephrons

Answer 3

Functional unit of kidney

800k-1m nephrons per kidney

Cannot be regenerated following insult

Question 4

Innervation of Kidney

Answer 4

• Renal sympathetic plexus
• Parasymoathetic nerve by VAGUS NERVE

Question 5

Ureter

Answer 5

• Carry urine from kidney to bladder
• 25-30cm
• Urine propelled by contractions of ureter wall

Question 6

Peritoneal and retroperitoneal spaces

Answer 6

Question 7

Bladder anatomy

Answer 7

2 superior and inferior arteries for each right and left side.

Veins : vesical plexus, drains into iliac vein
Lymphatic drainage to internal iliac nodes

Question 8

Bladder innvervation

Answer 8

Sympathetic - hypogastric plexus, promotes urine retention by relaxing detrusor muscle

Parasympathetic - Spinal cord, urination by detrusor muscle

Somatic - pudenal nerve, external erethral sphincter, voluntary control for micturition

Sensory afferent nerves - In bladder wall and give signals when urination is needed

Question 9

Urethra

Answer 9