Lecture 16: An introduction to protists Flashcards
what 5 features make protists eukaryotic?
- membrane bound nucleus
- organelles/plastids
- some have cell walls
- form multicellular structures
- divide by mitosis
why are some protists difficult to classify using morphology?
organisms like chlorarachinophytes have multiple different structures
what 6 things do all protists have in common?
- eukaryotic
- required water based environment
- divide by mitosis
- require oxygen
- unicellular
- motile
what 4 different ways might protists obtain nutrients?
- phagocytosis
- photosynthesis
- absorption
- symbiosis
what are 3 methods of movement for protists?
- pseudopodia
- cilia
- flagella
what are the 5 supergroups of protists?
- SAR
- Archaeplastida
- Excavata
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
what does SAR stand for?
Stramenopiles, Alveolates, rhizaria
what is a key characteristic of SAR?
flagellum with fine hair projections
what is unique about stramenopiles?
short hair like extensions
what are the 3 subgroups of the stramenopiles?
- oomycota (cellulose cell walls, look like mold)
- golden algae (have chlorophyll c)
- diatoms (unicellular with silica dioxide cell walls)
what is unique about the alveolates?
have sacs (alveoli) below plasma membrane
what are the 3 subgroups of the alveolates?
- ciliates (have cilia and 2 nuclei)
- dinoflagellates (2 flagella but BAD due to toxins and algal blooms)
- apicomplexans (can penetrate cells)
what special feature do apicomplexans have?
an apicoplast that is used as drug treatment target for malaria
what are the 2 subgroups of rhizaria?
- cercozoa (live in soil. change shape)
- foraminifera (marine with calcium carbonate shell that absorbs CO2)
what are the 2 subgroups of rhizaria?
- radiolarians (silica tests)
- xenophyophore (largest single celled organism)
what are the 5 features of archaeplastida?
- have chloroplasts
- can be symbionts
- pathogenic to dogs
- uni/multi cellular
- rhodophyta algae
what are the excavata subgroups based off of?
flagella structure
what are the 3 subgroups of the excavata?
- discoba
- metamonads
- malawimonads
what are the 2 subgroups of the discoba?
- euglenozoa (euglenids and kinetoplastids)
- heteroloboseans (cause brain disease)
what are the 2 subgroups of the metamoids?
- fornicata (2 nuclei and mitosomes)
- parabaslia (parabasal body and huge genome)
what are the amoebozoa?
terrestrial and aquatic protists that use pseudopodia for movement and feeding
what are the 4 subgroups of the amoebozoa?
- tubulinea (need liquid)
- entamoebas (intestinal parasitic)
- plasmoidal slime mold (fungi like)
- cellular slime mold (unicellular)
what are the opisthokonta?
free living, unicellular/colonial flagellate eukaryotes that are the closest living relative of animals
what is an example of a opisthokonta?
choanaoflagellates
