Lecture 3: Fungal diversity

Question 1

why is it difficult to estimate fungal species?

Answer 1

fungi often show convergent evolution and have similar, indistinguishable features, and some protists appear as fungi

Question 2

what kingdom do fungi belong to?

Answer 2

Eumycota

Question 3

what is physiological race?

Answer 3

intraspecific groups distinguished by variations in their physiology, particularly in pathogenicity or host preference, while being morphologically similar

Question 4

what is the perfect state?

Answer 4

the sexual state of fungi (may have not been observed)

Question 5

what is the imperfect state?

Answer 5

asexual state

Question 6

what is primoglature?

Answer 6

2 names being used for perfect and imperfect state HOWEVER perfect state takes precedence

Question 7

what are the 5 fungi phyla?

Answer 7

• chytridiomycota
• zygomycota
• glomerulomycota
• ascomycota
• basidiomycota

Question 8

what are the 3 subphyla of chytids?

Answer 8

chytridiomycotina, blastocladiomycota, neocallimastiomycota

Question 9

what are the chytrids also known as?

Answer 9

water moulds

Question 10

what are the features of the chytrids?

Answer 10

• saprotrophs
• anaerobic metabolism
• chitin cell wall
• glycogen storage granules
• synthesize lysine

Question 11

what is the structure of chytrids?

Answer 11

thallus body and rhizoid filaments (zoosporangium)

Question 12

what do the chytrid zoosporangium contain?

Answer 12

a singular posterior flagella that are motile and show chemotaxis

Question 13

what do chytrids form?

Answer 13

tripartite mutualisms

Question 14

what animal group are chytrids a threat to?

Answer 14

amphibians due to Bd

Question 15

what are the zyogmycota also known as?

Answer 15

sugar moulds

Question 16

what are the features of the zygomycota?

Answer 16

• multinucleate system
• hyphae have no cross walls or septa
• contain melanin and sporopellenin

Question 17

what 2 methods of reproduction do zygomycota use?

Answer 17

asexual spores made in sporangium or sexual spores (zygospores)

Question 18

what is zygomycosis?

Answer 18

zygomycota causing disease

Question 19

what are the glomerulomycota responsible for?

Answer 19

mycorrhizal interactions

Question 20

what are the 2 types of mycorrhizae the glomerulomycota form?

Answer 20

• arbuscular
• vesicular-arbuscular

Question 21

what are the ascomycota known as?

Answer 21

spore shooters or sac fungi

Question 22

how do the ascomycota reproduce sexually?

Answer 22

ascospores that are either naked or stored in fruitbodies

Question 23

how many ascospores are in an ascus?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

what are the hyphae of ascospores like?

Answer 24

septate therefore cells are separated by cell walls

Question 25

how do the ascomycota reproduce asexually?

Answer 25

condiation where the phialide (mother cell) divides via mitosis creating new cells (oldest is furthest from the mother)

Question 26

what are the basidiomycota also known as?

Answer 26

the spore droppers

Question 27

how do basidiomycota sexually reproduce?

Answer 27

basidiospores from basidia

Question 28

how do homobasidiomycetes reproduce?

Answer 28

4 basidiospores are released from basidium passively, mediated by Buller's drop

Question 29

how do heterobasidiomycetes reproduce?

Answer 29

using complex structures like: - tuning fork basidia - transverse septate - cruciate septate