Lecture 16 - Anatomy of respiratory tract Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are some functions of the respiratory system?
Give oxygen to tissues
Remove carbon dioxide
Regulate blood pH
Defence against pathogens
Produce sound
Olfaction
What components are involved in the upper respiratory tract?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Paranasal tissues
What are the functions of the upper respiratory tract?
Warm moistens and filters the air
Olfaction
Resonates sound
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What are the functions of the nose?
Warms moistens and filters air
Has smell receptors
Modifies speech sounds
What are the functional adaptations of the nose?
Rich capillary network under the mucosa to warm the air
Olfactory mucosa containing smell receptors
Paranasal sinuses that lighten skull and resonate sound
What is the function of the pharynx?
Forms a communal passageway for respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx which is posterior to nose
Oropharynx which is posterior to mouth
Laryngopharynx which is posterior to larynx
What are the functions of the larynx?
Maintains an open airway
Prevent food and drink entering the lower respiratory tract
Sound protection
Coughing
What is the role of the cartilaginous skeleton in the larynx?
Makes up the larynx
Is lined with membranes and moved by muscles
What is the larynx made up of?
Glottis
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal cord
What is the size of the trachea?
4.5cm long
2.5cm diameter
What is the role of cartilage in the trachea?
Has C shaped cartilage that keeps the airways open
What is the role of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the trachea?
To produce mucus and prevent infection in the lungs
Where is the trachea in the lower respiratory tract?
From the larynx to the carina
Anterior to the oesophagus
How are the bronchi arranged?
In a bronchial tree that gradually increases in its amount of smooth muscle and decreases in its height of epithelial cells
What are the bronchi
A series of tubes that get smaller in diameter
What are the three components of the bronchi?
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
What is the primary bronchi?
They supply each lung
2-3cm long
Right is longer and more vertical than the left
Has C shaped cartilage
What is the secondary bronchi?
Supplies the lobes of the lung
3 lobes on the right and 2 lobes on the left
Has plates of cartilage instead of rings
What is the tertiary bronchi?
Supplies segments of the lungs
10 on the right and 8 on the left
Has plates of cartilage
What are the components of the bronchioles?
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
What are the bronchioles?
No cartilage
Smooth muscle
Leads to around 50-80 terminal bronchiolesW
What are the terminal bronchioles?
Have simple columnar epithelium with cilia
No goblet cells
Clara cells that produce surfactant
Leads to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles
