Lecture 4 - Basic tissues

Question 1

What are the functions of epithelia?

Answer 1

Covers surfaces
Lines cavities and tubes
Forms glands

Question 2

What are some characteristics of epithelia?

Answer 2

Attachment, cells adhere
Avascularity
Regeneration
Polarity

Question 2

What is the basic structure of epithelia?

Answer 2

Closely packed cells supported by a basement membrane

Question 3

What is the structure of simple squamous epithelia?

Answer 3

Flat cells
Oval shaped nuclei
One layer of cells

Question 4

What is the function of simple squamous epithelia?

Answer 4

Exchange of nutrients and gases

Question 5

What is the location of the simple squamous epithelia?

Answer 5

Blood vessels, alveoli

Question 6

What is the structure of the non-keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 6

Flat surface cells
Oval nuclei
Many layers

Question 7

What is the function of the non keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 7

Acts as protection and a barrier

Question 8

What is the location of the non keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 8

In the oral cavity and oesophagus

Question 9

What is the structure of the keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 9

Flat surface cells
Oval shaped nuclei
Many layers
Keratin

Question 10

What is the function of keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 10

Acts as protection and a water proof barrier

Question 11

What is the location of the keratinised stratified squamous?

Answer 11

In the skin

Question 12

What is the structure of the simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 12

Square cells
Round nuclei
One layer

Question 13

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 13

Secretion and absorption

Question 14

What is the location of the simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 14

In the glands and kidney tubes

Question 15

What is the structure of the simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 15

Tall cells
Oval basally located nuclei
One layer

Question 16

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 16

Absorption and secretion

Question 17

What is the location of the simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 17

The gastrointestinal tract

Question 18

What is the structure of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 18

Tall cells
Cells touch basement membrane but not free surface
Has goblet cells

Question 19

What is the function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 19

Mucociliary escalator

Question 20

What is the location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 20

Trachea and large respiratory airways

Question 21

What are intercellular junctions?

Answer 21

Specialised areas of cell membrane that bind one cell to another

Question 22

What are desmosomes?

Answer 22

Strong connections that join adjacent cells
Resist stretching and twisting

Question 23

What are hemidesmosomes?

Answer 23

They attach cells to the basement membrane, this stabilises the position of the cell and anchors it to the underlying tissue

Question 24

What are tight junctions?

Answer 24

Near the apical side of the cell Adjacent cell membranes bound together by interlocking proteins It stops the passage of water and solutes between cells

Question 25

What are gap junctions?

Answer 25

Interlocking membrane proteins hold cells together Connexons contain a central pore, allows movement of small molecules and ions between cells In cardiac muscle

Question 26

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 26

Forms structural framework around body Supports other tissue types Protects delicate organs Transports fluids and dissolved materials Defends body from microorganisms

Question 27

What is the structure of the connective tissue?

Answer 27

Has cells within an extracellular matrix

Question 28

What is loose/areolar connective tissue?

Answer 28

Lots of ground substance Few fibres (collagen and elastic) Variety of cells Under epithelium

Question 29

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 29

Little ground substance Many collagen fibre bundles arranged haphazardly Few cells Resists excessive stretching and distension Found in dermis

Question 30

What is dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 30

Little round substance Lots of densely packed bundles of collagen fibres in parallel rows Few cells In tendons and ligaments