Lecture 17 Flashcards by Abbey Leswick

What are the 3 forms of carbohydrates

Starch
Lactose
Sucrose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What enzyme breaks down starch into small polymers

Salivary amylase enzyme

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are polymers broken into in the SI

Disaccharides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What enzyme breaks down polymers into diaccharides

Pancreatic Amylase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are brush border cells found

Intestimal lumen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the role of brush border cells

Break di into monosaccharides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is starch broken down by brush border cells

Starch: glucose disaccharides broken into glucose monomers by brush border cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is lactose broken down by brush border cells

Lactose: broken by beta-galactosidase (secreted by brush border cells) into its monomers galactose and glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is sucrose broken down by brush border cells

Sucrose: broken by sucrase (secreted by brush border cells) into its monomers glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens to the monomers broken down in the brush border cells

Monomers then transported across intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream and absorbed into body cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is glycolisis

Cell metabolism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the beginning and end products of glycolysis

Glycolytic pathways metabolize glucose into pyruvate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the byproducts from glycolisis

Result in formation of energy molecules ADP and NADH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do galactose and fructose enter glycolisis

Galactose and fructose converted into glucose-6-phosphate and then enter glycolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats the results of Maltose in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

Maltose = 2 glucose

Converted by enzyme maltase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats the result of sucroses in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

Sucrose = fructose + glucose

Converted by enzyme sucrase

Whats the result of lactose in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

Lactose = galactose + glucose

Converted by enzyme lactase

Whats the result of starch in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

Starch = glucose + glucose + glucose …

What deficiency causes celiac disease

Deficiency in lactase causing lactose intolerance

Explain what a lactase deficiency means

Lactose not properly broken into glucose and galactose by lactase

Where does protein digestion begin

Stomach

Explain the 3 steps of protien digestion and AA transportation

Proteins broken into smaller peptides
Epithelial cells secrete peptidases to break down larger peptides into individual AAs
AAs transported throughout body via bloodstream to produce energy (in liver)

Where does lipid digestion begin

Mouth

Where is lingual lipase released and what does it break down

Released from tounge, breaks large fats into smaller components

Where is gastric lipase secreted

Stomach

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion

Once in the duodenum, bile salts coat fat droplets, creating aqueous suspension

What is the role of pancreatic lipase in lipid digestion

Pancreatic lipase present hydrolyze triglycerides into smaller components (free fatty acids and monoglycerides)

What happens to fatty acids and monoglycerides in lipid digestion

Fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed my small intestine for further processing

How do bile salta emulsify fats

Bile salts are amphipathic (hydrophilic and lipophilic) , attraction to water and oil breaks fat globules into fat droplets, further making it easier for enzymes to break down fat

What do fat droplets consist of

Fat globule + bile salt

Where is lipase secreated from

Pancreas

What is the role of lipase in lipid digestion

Breaks triglycerides (from fat droplets) into monoglycerides and fatty acids

How do lipid protiens (specifically chylomicrons) enter circulation

Chylomicrons are too large to cross the capillary wall so are first absorbed into the lymphatic system then re enter circulation via the thoracic duct near the heart

What is ileal chyme

A chemical and particle rich liquid

Where does ileal chyme enter the LI

From the ileum (ileocecal valve)

What is part of ileal chyme

Any unabsorbed nutrients Hormones and chemical messengers Soluble fiber (prebiotic) Insoluble fiber (bulking agent) Microbes (probiotics and other) Cellular debris Excretion products from the liver

What 5 things happen in the LI

1. Colonic epithelium absorb water and simple ions 2. Resident microbes digest and absorb what chemicals they can 3. The resident microbes produce some vitamins 4. Resident microbes produce gasses during their digestion and consumption of ileal chyme 5. Microbes inter microbial ecosystem and multiply

Explain hedonic vs homeostatic hunger

Hedonic hunger The drive to obtain pleasure in the absence of an angry deficit Homeostatic hunger Increased motivation to eat following depletion of energy sources