Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL *1080 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy

A

Capacity to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ATP

A
  • Medium of energy exchange
  • Energy current of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From what is ATP generated

A
  • Glucose metabolism
  • Fatty acid metabolism
  • Some from AA metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHERE is ATP generated

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Krebs cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What produces reducing equivalents of NADH and FADH2

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Beta oxidation
  • Krebs cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do NADH and FADH2 supply

A

Protons (H+) and electrons (e-) to electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is most of the bodies ATP made

A

ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the process called when ATP is generated without O2

A

Phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can ATP be generated without O2

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long can ATP be generated for without O2

A

9-10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain decomposition of ATP in Phosphocreatine

A

ATP — ADP + Pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis in anaerobic conditions

A

Lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of anaerobic ATP productions

A

Sprints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is most energy stored

A

As triglycerides (fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What energy is produced from carbs

A

Glycogen and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is glycogen stored

A
  • Liver
  • Muscle
  • Little bit in blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is protein used as an energy source

A
  • Starvation
  • Caloric restriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the pros of carbs as fuel

A
  • Aerobically, can generate ATP slightly faster than fat
  • Anerocially, can also generator ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the cons of carbs as fuel

A
  • Holds lots of water
  • heavier/ less dense than fat
21
Q

What are the pros of fats as fuel

A
  • Doesn’t hold water so 2x as energy dense as carbs
  • Represents most abundant energy reserve
22
Q

What are the cons of fats as fuel

A
  • Cannot provide energy anaerobically
23
Q

When does the absorptive state take place

A
  • 3-4 hours after a meal
24
Q

What is the absorptive state

A
  • When energy (macronutrients) are stored (anabolism)
25
Where is glycogen stored in an anabolic state
- Liver - Muscle
26
Where are triglycerides stored in an anabolic state
- Adipose tissue - Liver - Muscle
27
What happens to excess calories as glucose and AAs
Get converted to fats
28
What is the postabsorptive state
A state of fasting
29
What is catabolism
- Stored macros are mobilized for energy
30
What happens during the postabsorptive state
- Catabolism - Glucose spared for NS
31
What is gluconeogenesis and where does it occur
- Making of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors - Occurs in liver and kidneys
32
What are blood glucose levels
-Blood sugar - The amount of glucose per L of blood
33
What is the normal fasting blood glucose level
4-5.5 mmol/L
34
What is fasting hyperglycemia
- Blood sugar is too high - Over 7 mmol/L
35
What is fasting hypoglycemia
- Blood sugar too low - Under 3.5 mmol/L
36
What are the risks of hypoglycemia
Glycosylation of AA in: -- Kidneys -- peripheral nerves -- and lenses of eyes
37
What is glycosylation:
Attachment of carbohydrates to protein causing damage
38
Why is blood glucose maintained so tightly
- Many cells require glucose - To maintain osmotic balance - To avoid risk of hyperglycemia
39
What is osmotic balance
Optimal concentrations of electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes
40
When is blood sugar increased
After a meal
41
What decreases blood sugar
- Insulin secretion - Decrease of glucagon
42
What kind of feedback loop is glucose regulation via insulin
Negative feedback loop (body tries to return to normal state)
43
When is blood sugar decreased
During fasting
44
What increases blood sugar
- Glucagon secretion - Decrease of insulin
45
What kind of feedback loop is glucose regulation via glucagon
Negitive
46
What is the main fuel contributor for prolonged low intensity exercise
-Mainly blood glucose and fatty acids - Some muscle triglycerides and glycogen
47
What is the main fuel contributor of moderate to high intensity exercise
Mainly muscle glycogen and triglycerides; blood glucose and fatty acids
48
What is the main contributing fuel of high intensity exercise
Muscle glycogen and phosphocreatine

BIOL *1080 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions