Lecture 17- Bony Fish

Question 1

3 Characteristics of bony fish

Answer 1

• Paraphyletic
• originated 410 mya
• marine and freshwater

Question 2

What are the 3 classes of bony fish

Answer 2

1. Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
2. Actinistia (Coelocanth)
3. Dipnoi (lungfish)

Question 3

List 4 innovations of the bony fish

Answer 3

• Operculum pumps water over gills
• lungs/swim bladder
• good O2 uptake and high manoeuvrability
• modification of jaws

Question 4

What is structure of the operculum in bony fish

Answer 4

Made from bony plates attached to the first gill arch

Question 5

2 points about their respiration

Answer 5

• efficient gills
• counter- current gas exchange
  (Good O2…prev)

Question 6

Whats the purpose of a swim bladder

Answer 6

• cavity of air in the body
• controls buoyancy

Question 7

Lungs and swim bladders in bony fish

Answer 7

• some bony fish have lungs as an accesssory in poor oxygenated waters
• some fishes swim bladder is attached to the gut- gulps airs and burps it out to adjust size
• swim bladders can be dorsal or ventral

Question 8

What physical characteristics do jawless, cartilagenous and ray-finned fish have alike or differ

Hint: All- 4, C&R- 2, R- 2

Answer 8

All: Vertebral column/notochord, internal gills, lateral line system, single loop circulation
C&R- Jaws, paired pectoral and pelvic fins
Ray- Operculum, Swim bladder

Question 9

What do the pectoral and pelvic girdles support and allow

Answer 9

Supports paired fins
Allows independent movement

Question 10

What actions do these animals mouths do:
Piranha
Parrot fish
Butterfly fish
Flounder
Eels

Answer 10

Piranha: cutting mouth
Parrot fish: crushing
Butterfly fish: picking
Flounder: head torsion
Eels: holding and tearing

Question 11

A note on Anglerfish

Answer 11

• Luminous
• Parasitic males

Question 12

A note on filter feeding anchovies

Answer 12

Modified gill rakers

Question 13

A note on stargazer

Answer 13

Modified for attack from below

Question 14

A note on warty prowfish

Answer 14

Sponge mimic

Question 15

What are the key concepts on the body morphology on Jawless, Cartilagenous and Ray-finned fish

Answer 15

J: Elongate
C: More variation but elongate, fin fixed
R: Highly varied, Fins manoeuvrable

Question 16

Reproduction traits for bony fish

Answer 16

• seperate sexes
• mostly external fertilisation and oviparous (egg laying)
• few viviparous (live offspring)

Question 17

What are they key points of the swim bladder, pectoral and median fins

Answer 17

Swim bladders: gives neutral bouyancy
pectoral: gives manoeuvrability
Median: gives stability