Lecture 19- Reptiles

Question 1

What can reptiles be referred as

Answer 1

Nonavain reptiles

Question 2

6 Physical characteristics of reptiles

Answer 2

• Amniotic egg
• Tough, scaly skin
• Jaws
• Efficient lungs and circulation
• Excretes nitrogenous waste as uric acid
• complex nervous system

Question 3

What are the pros of eggs in water (4)

Answer 3

No problem with:
- Collapse
- Desiccation
- Waste disposal
- Gas exchange

Question 4

Cons of terrestrail eggs (4)

Answer 4

• Needs shell
• Waste disposal difficult
• Gas exchange trouble
• Trouble obtaining food

Question 5

What must terrestrial eggs have (3)

Answer 5

• Protection
• Place to store waste and food
• Gas exchange mechanism

Question 6

Label the Amniotic egg

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the functions of these:
Shell/Shell membrane
Yolk sac
Amnion
Allantois
Chorion

Answer 7

Shell/Shell membrane: support and protection
Yolk sac: food storage
Amnion: desiccation & shock protection
Allantois: enlarged bladder, diffuses O2 & CO2
Chorion: encloses embryo, fuses with allantois

Question 8

Advantages of the amniotic egg

Answer 8

• reduced competition and predators
• allows gas exchange
• access to terrestrial environment
• improved protection

Question 9

Significance of development of crushing jaws (3)

Answer 9

• more variety in diet
• enhanced food processing
• evolutionary significance

Question 10

What are the 3 arrangements of jaw muscles and what animals do they include

Answer 10

1. Anapsid: no holes (turtles)
2. Synapsid: one hole (extinct reptiles, dinosaurs)
3. Diapsid: two holes (lizards, snakes, crocs, birds)

Question 11

What are the 4 orders of reptiles

Answer 11

1. Rhyncocephalia (tuatara)
2. Crocodylia (crocs, alligators)
3. Chelonia (turtles, tortoises)
4. Squamata (snakes, lizards)

Question 12

Characteristics for Tuatara (4)

Answer 12

• sister group to squamates
• only in NZ ( 3 sps.)
• parietal eye
• oviparous

Question 13

Characteristics for Crocodylia (4)

Answer 13

• 25 spp, aquatic
• Temperature dependant sex determination (TSD)
• Predators
• Complete secondary palate

Question 14

Characteristics for Chelonia

Answer 14

• Carapace (dorsal) and plastron (ventral)
• horny beak, no teeth
• all oviparous
• some TSD

Question 15

Characteristics for Squamata (5)

Answer 15

• aquatic, terrestrial
• Robust or loss of limbs
• kinetic skull
• some TSD
• both ovi and viviparity