lecture 18 Flashcards
what is an exposure
something we might think may be a determinant of someones health status
what is an outcome
come sort of health status, usually bad in epidemiology but occasionally positive
what does PCEOT stand for
- population = the group of people we have in the study
- exposure = what the potential determinant is
- comparison = what the potential determinant is being compared to
- outcome = the health outcome being assessed
- time = how long people are being followed up (in cross sectional study it will be a point in time)
what is the gate frame
- population = source and sample
- exposure / comparison
- time
- outcome
what is the relative risk
how many times as likely is the exposed group to develop the outcome than the comparison group
how is the relative risk determined
incidence of exposed group / incidence of comparison group = relative risk
what is the null value of relative risk
exposure does change occurrence of outcome, so no association between exposure and outcome
- relative risk will be 1
what happens if the incidence of outcome is greater in the comparison group
there will be greater occurrence of outcome in the comparison group
- relative risk will be less than 1 / but not below 0
what happens if incidence of outcome is greater in the exposed group
there will be greater occurrence of outcome in the exposed group
- relative risk will be greater then 1
how to interpret the relative risk
the EXPOSURE GROUP were VALUE as likely to develop OUTCOME compared to COMPARISON GROUP
what is the risk difference / attributable risk
how many extra/fewer cases of the outcome in the exposed group are attributable to the exposure
what is the null value for risk difference
no association
- risk difference = 0
what is a risk factor, risk difference
when the risk difference is greater than 0
what does a decile one mean in the NZDep
an area with a least deprived score
what does a decile ten mean in the NZDep
an area with a most deprived score
