Lecture 19

Question 1

Spike Protein

Answer 1

Glyco proteins or envelope proteins. Peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Question 2

Matrix Protein

Answer 2

Required for replication. In some viruses they may be closer to the nucleocapsid then shown in the diagram.

Question 3

Capsid (nucleocapsid)

Answer 3

Protein

Question 4

Capsomere

Answer 4

basic subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus.

Question 5

Nucleic Acid

Answer 5

DNA or RNA

Question 6

Viral-associated proteins

Answer 6

Replication of nucleic acid

Question 7

Plaque Assay

Answer 7

Holes on the plate. viruses are grown on tissue cultures and appear as this if they lyse the hose cell. it replicates and lyses the cell

Question 8

Baltimore classification system

Answer 8

They way viruses are classified. Based on nucleic acid. Classified by roman numerals

Question 9

Helical/ lcosahedral/ Complex

Answer 9

They shape of the virus particle. Helical- circular. Icosahedral- 3D triangles are put together. Complex-phage

Question 10

Attachment/ Membrane receptors

Answer 10

Attachment of viral proteins “spikes” to glycoprotein receptors on host membrane

Question 11

Membrane Fusion

Answer 11

This is for if it is an enveloped virus. It is how the virus enters the cell

Question 12

Uncoating

Answer 12

Vital nucleic acid separated from protein coat

Question 13

Virion assembly/maturation

Answer 13

Assembly of new virus particles

Question 14

Polyprotein

Answer 14

One big protein that has to be cut into the correct pieces by protease

Question 15

Protease

Answer 15

Crops up the protein

Question 16

Budding

Answer 16

The reverse process of membrane fusion only for envelope viruses.

Question 17

Retrovirus

Answer 17

a family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription. Where a piece of DNA is inserted into the DNA strand

Question 18

Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 18

an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription

Question 19

Integration

Answer 19

DNA is copied into the host chromosome

Question 20

Provirus

Answer 20

The piece of DNA that is put into the original DNA strand

Question 21

Acute/ Latent/ Chronic/ Slow infection

Answer 21

Acute- goes away. Latent-goes away and a different form appears later. Chronic- virus is still produced but the symptoms are gone. Slow- Over time the virus comes back and and then it is bad(aids)

Question 22

Transform

Answer 22

Viral DNA is integrated into the host chromosome and a new cell can be formed.

Question 23

Oncogene

Answer 23

Causes cancer. High level of cell replication

Question 24

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Answer 24

a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer

Question 25

Segmented Virus

Answer 25

Can undergo genetic reassortment

Question 26

Genetic Reassortment

Answer 26

the exchange of DNA between viruses inside a host cell

Question 27

Plant Virus

Answer 27

They enter through wounds(holes made by insects) They cause variegation of color, stunting growth, and tumor formation

Question 28

Mosaic Virus

Answer 28

plant viruses that cause the leaves to have a speckled appearance

Question 29

Wilt Virus

Answer 29

Causes holes in plants

Question 30

Prion

Answer 30

an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form.

Question 31

Spongiform Encephalopathy

Answer 31

Normal proteins misfold more prions and causes brain wasting.