Lecture 20

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

Non-specific, General response to an invasion, acts immediately upon invastion

Question 2

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

Takes a week or two to develop, discriminates between infecting organisms and self and non self, has memory-quicker response to reinfections

Question 3

Self vs non-self

Answer 3

Self= itself. Non-self= foreign cell

Question 4

Immune memory

Answer 4

Quicker response to reinfections

Question 5

Physical Immune Barries

Answer 5

Skin, mucous membranes, normal flora

Question 6

Gamma-delta T-cells

Answer 6

Small subset of T cells that possess a distinct T-cell receptor on their surface

Question 7

Leukocyte

Answer 7

Granulocytes produce cytokines. Phagocytes eat pathogens

Question 8

Granulocyte

Answer 8

Produce cytinkines

Question 9

Cytokine

Answer 9

a diverse group of soluble proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins which act as humoral regulators or signaling molecules

Question 10

Chemokine

Answer 10

a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells.

Question 11

Interlyukin

Answer 11

Communication between leukocytes

Question 12

Interferon

Answer 12

proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or tumor cells

Question 13

Tumor necrosis factor

Answer 13

Kills tumor cells (apoptosis)

Question 14

Phagocyte

Answer 14

Important to destroy most invading microbes

Question 15

PMN (neutrophil)

Answer 15

he most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals and form an essential part of the innate immune system.

Question 16

Monocyte

Answer 16

Macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 17

Macrophage

Answer 17

Circulation

Question 18

Dendritic Cell

Answer 18

Tissues

Question 19

Lymphocyte

Answer 19

part of the adaptive immunity

Question 20

T-cell

Answer 20

Antibody production

Question 21

B-cell

Answer 21

Tc(cytoxic)- performs, Th(helper)- signalling

Question 22

NK Cell

Answer 22

Seak and destroy cells- tumor cells, infected cells

Question 23

Myeloid Lineage

Answer 23

adjective that relates to the granulocyte precursor cell in bone marrow or spinal cord, or a resemblance to the marrow or spinal cord.

Question 24

Lymphoid Lineage

Answer 24

part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart

Question 25

Toll-like Receptors(TLR) vs RLR, NLR

Answer 25

Pattern receptors. TLR in phagocyte membranes and RLR, NLR in cytoplasm

Question 26

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

Answer 26

Molecules commonly found in pathogens. Teichoic acids, tri-acyl lipopeptided, LPS, flagellin, UPEC

Question 27

Complement cascade

Answer 27

Produce cytokines which increase blood flow to the wound, cause production of adhesin molecules within capillary, and make capillary walls porous

Question 28

Pore Complex

Answer 28

"hole" in the bacterial membrane. It is inserted into foreign cells to lysis them

Question 29

Opson

Answer 29

"eat me" tag. Easier to phagocytize

Question 30

Inflammation

Answer 30

Redness, pain, swelling, loss of function

Question 31

Adhesin

Answer 31

Stick together

Question 32

Diapedesis

Answer 32

blood cells leak out

Question 33

Pyrogen

Answer 33

fever

Question 34

Hypovolemia

Answer 34

a state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma

Question 35

Septic shock

Answer 35

life-threatening low blood pressure

Question 36

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 36

the proteins that control blood clotting become over active

Question 37

Cellular Immunity

Answer 37

an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen

Question 38

Perforin

Answer 38

Tc cells release it to kill infected cells in the body

Question 39

Apoptosis

Answer 39

Programmed cell death

Question 40

Humoral Immunity

Answer 40

the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins and certain antimicrobial peptides

Question 41

Plasma Cell

Answer 41

white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies.

Question 42

Immunoglobulin (antibody)

Answer 42

a large Y-shaped protein produced by B cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses