Lecture 19 4/10/14

Question 1

Atelectasis

Answer 1

Collapsed lungs; but refers to in babies when they are first born;

The collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of one lung

Question 2

Type II Surfactant Cells

Answer 2

Phospholipids that reduce surface tension

Question 3

Tidal Volume

Answer 3

Refers to the ebbing and waning of resting respiration;

Inspiration and exhalation of normal breathing without extra effort applied. Approximately about 500 ml per inspiration

Question 4

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 4

At the bottom of the tidal volume, exhaling as much as you can at the bottom of tidal volume; The expiratory reserve volume is about 1100-1200 ml

Question 5

Residual Volume

Answer 5

Whats left over in the lungs after expiratory reserve volume;

So after you have blown out all the air in your lungs as much as you can, what’s left over is the residual volume. Residual Volume is about 1100-1200 ml

Question 6

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 6

At the top of tidal volume, we’re gonna inspire as much as we can.

The amount of air which can be taken into the lungs beyond one’s tidal volume, using forced inspiration. Normally about 3000 ml.

Question 7

Vital Capacity

Answer 7

IRV + TV + ERV

What we do everyday while breathing

Question 8

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 8

IRV + TV

Question 9

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 9

ERV + RV

Question 10

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 10

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Question 11

Vital Capacity

Answer 11

TLC - RV

Question 12

MVR

Answer 12

Minute Volume Respiration

Amount of air that you bring in over a minutes time

TV x RR (Respiratory Rate)

500 (Tidal Volume) x 12 (Respiratory Rate) = 6000 ml of MVR per individual.

Question 13

Dead Air Volume (Anatomical Dead Air Space)

Answer 13

Amount of air brought into the passage ways that is not involved in gas exchange.

So about 500 ml of Tidal Volume, 150 ml of it is no real gas exchange occurs.

Question 14

Dalton’s Law

Answer 14

each gas, in a mixture of gases, exerts it’s own pressure independent of the other gases that are not present. Each gas exerts its own partial pressure and the Summation of all the partial pressures gives us atmospheric air

Question 15

Atmospheric Air (ATM)

Answer 15

Summation of all the partial pressures of the gases

1 ATM = 760 mm Hg

Question 16

What percentage of Nitrogen is in the air that we breathe?

Answer 16

78%

Question 17

What percentage of Oxygen is in the air that we breathe?

Answer 17

21%

Question 18

What percentage of Carbon Dioxide is in the air that we breathe?

Answer 18

.04%

Question 19

What percentage of H2O is in the air that we breathe?

Answer 19

.5%

Question 20

What is a tremendous oxygen reservoir?

Answer 20

Hemoglobin

Question 21

Hemoglobin (Hb) + O2 Equals What?

Answer 21

HbO2(Oxyhemoglobin)

Question 22

97% Of the O2 is bound as this molecule, hemoglobin, but leaves 3% as what?

Answer 22

Unbound and dissolved free in plasma.

Question 23

What causes the gas exchange occur between the lungs and the blood?

Answer 23

Oxygen diffuses from Alveolar sacs in the lungs to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells in pulmonary capillaries.

Question 24

Alveolar pO2 is what?

Answer 24

105 mm Hg

Question 25

What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pO2

Answer 25

95 mm Hg

Question 26

What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pCO2

Answer 26

45 mm Hg

Question 27

What is the Partial Pressure in Capillaries?

Answer 27

40 mm Hg

Question 28

Factors affecting the release of O2 from the Hemoglobin Molecule

Answer 28

The Bohr Affect Lower Partial Pressure in Tissues

Question 29

The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the peripheral tissues from increased demand, the faster the oxygen is released from the what?

Answer 29

Hemoglobin

Question 30

If we increased our exercise, we're gonna user oxygen in a faster rate. The partial pressure in those tissues will?

Answer 30

Decrease. The greater the oxygen difference concentration between two areas The faster movement of oxygen from one area to the next.

Question 31

The Bohr Affect

Answer 31

There are several factors that everything else being equal will take oxygen off of the hemoglobin at a faster rate.

Question 32

Increased Temperature

Answer 32

If metabolically active, increase in body temperature, kicks off the oxygen from the hemoglobin at a faster rate.

Question 33

Lower pH

Answer 33

Middle graph shows it's at 7.4, in the bottom part of the graph it shows 7.2. Top of the graph shows 7.6

Question 34

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate

Answer 34

TCA Cycle; Increase is this will also kick off the oxygen at a faster rate

Question 35

Lower pO2 in tissues

Answer 35

The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the tissues, the faster the oxygen will be kicked off the hemoglobin

Question 36

CO2 goes from what area of concentration to what area of concentration?

Answer 36

Higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 37

Chloride Shift

Answer 37

Every HCl3 that goes out of the RBC and into the plasma, a Chloride ion has to go from the plasma into the RBC.

Question 38

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Answer 38

Three Modes of CO2 Transport 1. Dissolved in plasma 2. Bound to Hemoglobin 3. As a component of the blood buffer system

Question 39

Dissolved in plasma

Answer 39

Represents 7% of the CO2 floating or traveling through the blood stream

Question 40

Bound to Hemoglobin

Answer 40

CO2 comes into contact with the RBC and it binds with Hemoglobin

Question 41

70% of CO2 travels a different way. Where?

Answer 41

The rest of the CO2 goes into the Carbonic Acid Buffer System