Lecture 19 Applied Embryology

Question 1

What layer of the mesoderm does the urogenital system form from

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What structure does the endoderm (yolk sac) become

Answer 2

Gut tube

Question 3

Name the 3 types of kidneys that develop in week 5 embryo

Answer 3

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 4

At week 6 what do Mesonephros become

Answer 4

Form genital/gonadal ridge

Question 5

Germ cells migrate from the yolk sac and embed into the primitive sex cords to form____

Answer 5

Indifferent gonads

Question 6

What is the paramesonephric duct?

Answer 6

Epithelium of the mesonephros invaginated to form a second tube

Question 7

What is the Mesonephric duct become in male and female

Answer 7

Male vas deferens

Disappear in females

Question 8

What does the paramesonephric duct become

Answer 8

Male penis

Female- Fallopian tube, uterus and cervix

Question 9

What do the gonads develop into in male and female

Answer 9

Male-testis

Female- ovary

Question 10

What does the urogenital sinus form in males

Answer 10

Bladder
Urerthra
Prostate

Question 11

What does the urogenital sinus form in females

Answer 11

Bladder

Lower part of vagina

Question 12

What is the function of the SRY region in the Y chromosome

Answer 12

Testis determining factor protein is produced by this gene

Question 13

What is the function of the Testis Determining Factor

Answer 13

Makes gonad develop into testis

Question 14

What do supporting cell of the gonads become

Answer 14

Sertoli cells

Question 15

Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian Inhibiting Substance that does what?

Answer 15

Causes paramesonephric duct to degenerate

Cells in interstitial transform to Leydig Cells

Question 16

What do outgrowth from the caudal end of the mesonephric ducts become

Answer 16

Seminal vesicles

Question 17

What do outgrowths from the urogenital sinus become

Answer 17

Prostate

Question 18

Do females have an SRY region Yes/No

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Where do the tubular components of the female reproductive system come from?

Answer 19

Absence of testosterone cause degeneration of mesonephros and mesonephritic duct
Paramesonephric ducts develop to give rise to female genital tract

Question 20

The cranial end of the paramesonephric duct becomes associated with___

Answer 20

The ovaries

Question 21

The caudal end of the paramesonephric duct becomes___

Answer 21

The uterus and superior vagina

Question 22

The inferior part of the vagina forms from the__

Answer 22

Urogenital sinus

Question 23

What week does the descent of the gonads commence in females and males

Answer 23

Week 7

Question 24

To what spinal level does the gonads descend to in the 7th week

Answer 24

Level T10

Question 25

When does the gonads enter the scrotum

Answer 25

Prior to birth (39 weeks)

Question 26

Between 12 weeks to birth gubernaculum begins to contract what is the effect of this in males?

Answer 26

Pulls gonad down to pelvis | Pulls covering of all muscles all the way down to scrotum and through inguinal canal

Question 27

What aspects are linked to the descent of the gonads in male and female

Answer 27

Formation of the large inguinal canal in males | The presence of the round ligament and its passage through the inguinal canal in females

Question 28

Between 12 weeks to birth gubernaculum begins to contract what is the effect of this in females?

Answer 28

Gubernaculum pulls ovaries from thoracolumbar cavity to pelvis and stops. Degenerates and forms fibrous cord

Question 29

What 2 structures does the Gubernaculum become in females

Answer 29

Ovarian ligament | Round ligament

Question 30

What is Crptorchidism

Answer 30

When the gonads fail to descend

Question 31

What are the complications of undescended testis

Answer 31

Infertility Malignant transformation Testicular torsion

Question 32

How is Cryptorchidism managed

Answer 32

Orchiopexy

Question 33

Remnants of the Mesonephric can develop into___

Answer 33

Cysts