Lecture 19- Decolonisation Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is decolonization?
A complex process involving the transfer of power from colonial rule to independence, with a pre-history of contestation and involvement of both colonizers and the colonized.
Decolonization is not merely a political event but a transformative process affecting both the former colonies and the colonizers.
Who founded the association for a new Vietnam?
Phan Boi Chan
He called for armed struggle against the French state.
What role did Ho Chi Minh play in Vietnam’s struggle against colonial rule?
He challenged French rule in Indochina and his nationalist cause was boosted by WWII.
Who was Cut Nyak Dhien?
A resistance leader in Aceh, known for her struggle against Dutch colonial forces.
What significant event occurred on 17 August 1945 in Indonesia?
The Indonesian Proclamation of Independence was read by Sukarno.
What was the Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action?
A group formed by more radical Algerian nationalists in 1954 to organize the struggle for Algerian independence.
When did the call for Algerian independence occur?
31st October 1954
This led to insurrections beginning the next day.
What are the two main groups that emerged from the Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action?
- Front de Libération nationale (FLN)
- Armée de Libération nationale (ALN)
Who was Franz Fanon?
A leading opponent of colonialism, born in Martinique and a veteran of WWII.
What did Fanon state about the oppression of Algerians?
‘We have wrenched the Algerian man from a centuries-old and implacable oppression.’
What did De Gaulle assert in his opening speech at the Brazzaville Conference?
He emphasized the need to develop Africa and the human progress of its inhabitants.
What was the purpose of the 1946 French Union preamble?
To lead overseas peoples toward self-administration and democratic governance.
What is meant by ‘repressive developmentalism’ in Portuguese colonies?
An increase in population surveillance, economic modernization, and the status of colonies as ‘overseas provinces’.
What happened in Indochina on 6 March 1946?
Ho Chi Minh signed an agreement with the French, establishing the ‘Republic of Vietnam as a Free State’.
What was the outcome of the 1961 referendum regarding Algeria?
It led to a ceasefire and the Evian Accords, granting Algeria independence.
What sparked the riots in Léopoldville in January 1959?
Fear among Belgians regarding the independence movement.
What was the result of the Belgian influence in Congo after independence?
Continued neocolonial influence, with Mobutu seizing power after Lumumba was removed and killed.
What was the Carnation Revolution?
A military coup in Portugal in 1974 that led to decolonization efforts.
What significant demographic change occurred in France after the Algerian War?
An exodus of almost one million pieds-noirs from Algeria to France.
What was the impact of the Algerian War on Algerians living in France?
The number of Algerians living in France rose significantly, and they were often pushed into shantytowns.
What is Batida music?
A genre rooted in kuduro music from Angola, known as the ‘beat of the ghetto’.
What was the significance of the trial of Maurice Papon in 1997?
It brought attention to his role in the massacre of Algerians in Paris.
What controversy arose regarding general Paul Aussaresses?
He was fined for justifying war crimes related to the Algerian War.
